Key Events: King James - Start of Personal Rule

Question 1

Who were the puritans?

Answer 1

Reformed protestants who sought to ‘purify’ the Church of England from Catholicism

Question 2

What were the 4 key areas of conflict throughout the ECW period?

Answer 2

• Religion
• Relations between Crown and Parliament
• Foreign Policy
• Financial issues

Question 3

What did King James do in 1618 that angered puritans?

Answer 3

Issued the Book of Sports, which allowed recreational activities to be carried out on Sundays

Question 4

Year of the Gunpowder plot, by radical Catholics

Answer 4

1605

Question 5

Differences between Scottish and English Parliaments

Answer 5

Scottish was loyal and lenient

English was confrontational and independent

Question 6

What were the puritans views on bishops in the church?

Answer 6

Wanted the abolition of the episcopacy

Question 7

King James ended war with Spain

Answer 7

In 1604, through the Treaty of London

Question 8

When did King James die and Prince Charles become king?

Answer 8

March 1625

Question 9

How was King James extravagant?

Answer 9

• Threw lavish parties

- Gave large sums of money to friends

Question 10

Why was Parliament reluctant to grant King James subsides?

Answer 10

• 1606 Parliament had granted James 3 subsides to help his debts, yet they continued to rise.
• He’d resorted to selling titles and honours cheaply.
• Royal debt stood at £900,000 in 1620.

Question 11

What was Charles attitude like?

Answer 11

• Stubborn and uncompromising

- Arrogant, firm belief in divine right of Kings

Question 12

How did James debt rise between when he came to the throne in 1603 and 1606?

Answer 12

From £400,000 in 1603, to £700,000 in 1606

Question 13

Why were there concerns over Charles marriage with a Catholic princess?

Answer 13

• Puritans upset as Charles moved to grant concessions to English Catholics.
• Princess brought large number of Catholic courtiers, so was isolated from Charles and the English nobility.
• Many feared it would lead to close alliances with Catholic powers.

Question 14

Who was the Duke of Buckingham?

Answer 14

George Villiers

King James’ closest friend and later Charles chief minister

Question 15

How much debt did Charles inherit with the Throne in 1625?

Answer 15

£1 Million

Question 16

What controversial move did the 1625 parliament make in regards to Charles finance?

Answer 16

• Refused to grant Charles Tonnage and Poundage for life, as was customary for the previous 100 years.
• Only granted it to him for 1 year.

Question 17

What was Parliaments most influential power?

Answer 17

Parliament could refuse to grant Charles money.

Question 18

What was Tonnage and Poundage?

Answer 18

Tax on imports, particularly alcohol

Question 19

Why didn’t parliament grant Charles Tonnage + Poundage for life?

Answer 19

They were concerned as to what the new finances would be used for
- They wanted to use T+P as an incentive for Charles to address their grievances

Question 20

How to Charles respond to the 1625 Parliaments refusal to grant him T+P?

Answer 20

• Dissolved 1625 Parliament.
• The next parliament (1626), refused to debate over finance and instead attacked Duke of Buckingham, so Charles dissolved them too.
• Then Charles levied the ‘Forced Loan’ on the gentry.

Question 21

Why was the five knights case significant?

Answer 21

The ruling of the court effectively approved royal tyranny and absolutism

Question 22

How was Charles responsible for religious controversy between 1625 - 29?

Answer 22

• Charles appointed controversial, and anti-calvinist, Arminian cleric Richard Montagu as his personal chaplain.
• Archbishop of Canterbury George Abbot is suspended in 1627 for refusing to approve an arminian sermon.
• Influential arminian William Laud is appointed to the Privy Council in 1627.

Question 23

What is the Privy Council?

Answer 23

The formal body of advisors to the monarch

Question 24

What was the forced loan?

Answer 24

Charles

Question 25

Describe the Five Knights case.

Answer 25

- After 76 gentry refused to pay the forced loan, they were imprisoned - 5 of these people submitted writs of Habeas Corpus, forcing a court hearing - The judges ruled in favour of Charles, but the legality of his actions were deemed to be questionable

Question 26

How much was raised by the forced loan over a year?

Answer 26

£250,000

Question 27

How was the Mansfeld expedition a failure for Charles?

Answer 27

- Half the troops under the command of Buckingham died of starvation before they reached the battle. - By the time the extent of failure was clear, James had died and Charles had inherited the consequences.

Question 28

What happened during the attack on Cadiz?

Answer 28

- Due to an unclear chain of command, the Spanish fleet were able to escape. - The English soldiers had no food or water when they reached land, so broke into farmhouses to drink wine. - The Spanish treasure fleet, the motive for the attack, had been forewarned so wasn't in the area.

Question 29

How did Charles show his anti-catholic side?

Answer 29

Joined the thirty years war on the side of the Protestants

Question 30

Why did the public begin to resent Charles' foreign policy?

Answer 30

- Soldiers were conscripted and billeted in peoples houses, and answered only to martial law not local laws. - He appointed the incompetent Duke of Buckingham as commander-in-chief.

Question 31

What year was the Cadiz expedition?

Answer 31

1625

Question 32

In what year did the failed wooing of the Spanish infanta by Buckingham and Charles take place?

Answer 32

1623

Question 33

What was the La Rochelle disaster?

Answer 33

- Buckingham's inept diplomacy led to war with France - An English army of poor quality attempted to support a protestant rebellion, which failed - Half of the english soldiers sent to France died, and Buckingham was blamed directly by the public.

Question 34

How did Charles subdue the Parliament of 1628?

Answer 34

Charles demanded that he'd only work with Parliament if they didn't attack Buckingham.

Question 35

In what year was the Petition of right issued?

Answer 35

1628

Question 36

What was the Petition of right?

Answer 36

A list of the grievances of Parliament, which Parliament insisted be met before they granted any taxes.

Question 37

When did Charles consent to the Petition of Right?

Answer 37

June 1628

Question 38

When was Buckingham assassinated?

Answer 38

August 1628

Question 39

What did Parliament grant the King after he agreed to the Petition of right?

Answer 39

5 subsides and Tonnage and Poundage

Question 40

Why did Charles blame parliament for Buckinghams death?

Answer 40

Because Buckinghams killer said he had been inspired by the remonstrance of Parliament through the petition of right.

Question 41

When did Parliament issue the three resolutions?

Answer 41

March 1629

Question 42

What were the three resolutions?

Answer 42

- Parliament denounced Charle arminian advisors - Parliament announced that the king levying T+P was unacceptable - Those who paid T+P were labeled enemies of the kingdom

Question 43

What remarkable events happened in Parliament due to the three resolutions?

Answer 43

- Charles ordered that Parliament be adjourned before the resolutions were read - A group of MP's held the speaker in his chair until the resolutions were passed, whilst the Kings officials hammered on the locked doors of the Commons.

Question 44

When did Charles formally dissolve parliament for the start of his personal rule?

Answer 44

March 1629

Question 45

Which two ringleader MP's were responsible for holding the speaker down?

Answer 45

- Denzil Holles | - John Eliot

Question 46

Why was Charles furious at the three resolutions and the subsequent event in Parliament?

Answer 46

- He took the petition as an attack on his authority | - Parliament showed disregard for his royal privilege by acting against him rather than serving him