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Ethics > Key Definitions > Flashcards

Key Definitions Flashcards

0
Q

Abortion

A

The deliberate termination of a pregnancy, resulting in the death of an embryo/foetus through medical procedure, usually before the foetus is 24 weeks old. Legalised in the UK in 1967 -200,000 women went to Backstreet abortionists

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1
Q

Sanctity

A

The quality of life being SACRED or HOLY - we have something special in us from God

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2
Q

Euthanasia

A

Inducing a painless death with compassion, to ease suffering. From the greek meaning ‘Good Death’. Some Christians believe it os ‘mercy killing’, while others see it as taking a life

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3
Q

Quality of life

A

A measure of fulfilment

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4
Q

Active euthanasia

A

When something is done to the person to deliberately end their life. Illegal in the UK

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5
Q

Passive euthanasia

A

When something necessary for life is not done/given to the person, resulting in the loss of life. Practised in the UK, but not identified as the cause of death

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6
Q

Assisted suicide

A

Legal in Switzerland. Different to euthanasia : the person who is ill has to perform the final action themselves. You have to have a terminal illness

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7
Q

Physician-assisted suicide

A

When the death involves the assistance of a doctor

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8
Q

Voluntary euthanasia

A

When a terminally ill person asks a doctor or friend to help them die peacefully and with dignity

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9
Q

Hospices

A

Special places where people go to die with dignity. Founded by Cicely Saunders in 1967, because the moments at the end of your life are just as special as any others. Compassionate, comfortable, supportive and pain-relieved. Medical and spiritual needs taken care of, and they offer 24-hour care

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10
Q

Palliative care

A

Keeping severe pain under control (expert pain relief)

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11
Q

Respite care

A

The family have a break from looking after the sick relative. Macmillan nurses often visit the patients and their families in the hospice and at home

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12
Q

Artificial Insemination (AI)

A

Sperm medically inserted into the vagina to assist pregnancy. Wrong: only God can make new life, technology should not be involved in a man & wife’s relationship

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13
Q

Artificial Insemination by Husband (AIH)

A

When a woman is made pregnant by the sperm of her husband, but not through having sexual relations with him. Morally justified: can correct nature; not donor (CoE) because it brings another person into the marriage

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14
Q

Artificial Insemination by Donor (AID)

A

When a woman is made pregnant by the sperm of a man other than her partner, but not through having sexual relations with him. Morally justified: if the husband doesn’t want to pass on an inherited degenerative disease

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15
Q

Surrogate mother

A

The one who has the baby for another woman. She is called the HOST mother

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16
Q

Genetic mother

A

If the woman’s egg is used. She will have a genetic link to the child

17
Q

Biological mother

A

The mother who carries the baby and gives birth to it

18
Q

Legal mother

A

The one who gives birth

19
Q

Hagar and Ishmael

A

A Biblical example of surrogacy

20
Q

Cloning

A

The scientific method by which animals or plants are created with EXACTLY THE SAME GENETIC MAKE-UP as the original, because the original animal/plant’s DNA is used. The first cloned animal was Dolly the sheep in 1997. Cloning of humans (for reproductive purposes) is totally illegal

21
Q

Embryo

A

Fertilised ovum at about 12-14 days when implanted into the wall of the womb

22
Q

Hybrid embryos

A

Mixtures of both human and animal tissue. The UK law is against hybrid embryos being grown in humans

23
Q

Reproductive cloning

A

The use of cloning techniques to produce a baby. Illegal for humans in the UK to be born like this

24
Q

Therapeutic cloning

A

Another term for stem cell cloning: creates genetically identical new life (humans), by removing the existing genetic information from a fertilised egg and replacing it with new genetic information from the donor

25
Q

Somatic cell therapy

A

Gene therapy. This uses adult stem cells instead of embryos, and can be used to treat diseases. An example of this is Rhys Evans whose immune system stopped working; now he is a healthy school boy

26
Q

Saviour sibling

A

A child created in order to save it’s sibling (as a donor). This uses IVF to create embryos that are not genetically modified but are screened so that the embryo with the nearest DNA match, free of the condition, is implanted into the womb

27
Q

A person’s gender

A

Whether they are male or female

28
Q

A person’s sexuality

A

Who a person is attracted to

29
Q

Heterosexual

A

Attracted to people of the OPPOSITE sex - ‘straight’

30
Q

Homosexual

A

Attracted to people of the SAME sex as yourself - ‘gay’

31
Q

Bisexual

A

Attracted to people of BOTH sexes

32
Q

Age of consent

A

The legal age at which you are considered to be legally capable of giving your permission to have a sexual relationship. This is 16 in the UK

33
Q

Statutory rape

A

Rape in the eyes of the law; if a person has sex with someone below the age of 16, they could be charged with statutory rape

34
Q

The rhythm method

A

When a woman responds to the natural rhythmic cycle of her body and the couple abstain from sex when she is most fertile (days12-16). Accepted by the Roman Catholic church as a form of contraception, because it is completely natural and allows couples to plan their families

35
Q

Chastity

A

Sexual purity. Not having sex before marriage. Chastity means acting modestly and being in control of sexual urges and desires - sex is not a casual or passing arrangement. In the Bible, sex outside marriage is a sin and is seen as sexual immorality, because it harms the body which is holy

36
Q

Contraception

A

The artificial and chemical methods used to prevent pregnancy from taking place. E.g. The coil, condom, implant, pill, etc

37
Q

A drug

A

A natural or artificial substance that has physical, emotional and mental effects when taken. These effects may be beneficial or harmful. Drugs may be legal, legal when prescribed by a doctor, or illegal

38
Q

Rhys Evans

A

An example of Somatic Cell therapy (therapeutic cloning)

39
Q

Pro-life

A

Opposed to abortion - begins at conception - Roman Catholic church; everyone has the right to life, unless the mother will die if she continues with the pregnancy

40
Q

Pro-choice

A

Do not encourage or advocate abortion - the woman has the right to choose, but not to be used as a late contraceptive - Methodist, Baptist, Church of England

Ethics (7 decks)

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