key definitions

Question 1

clone

Answer 1

genetically identical organisms produced by asexual reproduction of one parent

Question 2

aseuxal reproduction

Answer 2

a mode of reproduction in which new offspring is produced by a single parent

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

division of a eukaryotic cell to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 4

vegetative propagation

Answer 4

asexual method of plant reproduction that occurs in its leaves, roots and stem

Question 5

micropropagation

Answer 5

artificial process of producing plants vegetatively through tissue culture or cell culture techniques

Question 6

tissue culture

Answer 6

method of biological research where fragments of animal / plant tissue are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function

Question 7

cuttings

Answer 7

portion of a stem, root or leaf cut from the parent plant for the production of a new independent plant by inducing it to form shoots and roots under favorable environmental conditions

Question 8

stem cell

Answer 8

a cell that can divide (by mitosis) an unlimited number of times

Question 9

totipotent

Answer 9

the ability to divide into any type of cell

Question 10

meristem

Answer 10

regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of divison

Question 11

embryo splitting

Answer 11

formation of twins or multiple embryos in vitro to split an embryo

Question 12

artificial twinning

Answer 12

cloning or embryo splitting

Question 13

exponential

Answer 13

when a population is experiencing uninhibited growth

Question 14

enucleation

Answer 14

the removal of the nucleus

Question 15

decline

Answer 15

the rate of cell death is greater than the rate of cell growth

Question 16

death

Answer 16

the point where the living cells stop metabolic functions and begin the process of death

Question 17

batch fermentation

Answer 17

industrial method of fermentation that runs for a set period of time
- culture broth is not removed until the fermentation is complete.

Question 18

continuous fermentation

Answer 18

industrial method of fermentation in which culture broth is
continuously removed and extra nutrient medium is added
- the fermentation conditions
remain relatively constant.

Question 19

immobilised enzyme

Answer 19

enzymes which are attached to an inert, insoluble material over which the substrate passes and the reaction takes place.