Key debate 2: Why was Tyrone’s rebellion so difficult to suppress?

Question 1

Key points:

Answer 1

• Strength of Tyrone’s rebellion

- Elizabeth’s actions and policies

Question 2

Strength of Tyrone’s rebellion:

Answer 2

• First national rebellion in Ireland, widespread support.
• Tyrone had control over Ulster – good supply of resources for his troops.
• Tyrone’s forces were well trained and often led by men who had been trained and served in Elizabeth’s armies.
• Reinforcements from mercenaries from Scotland.
• Tyrone competent leader, well trained, good knowledge of the countryside – could conduct a guerrilla-based campaign when it suited him.

Question 3

Elizabeth’s actions and polices:

Answer 3

• War with Spain meant that expenditure on Ireland had to be kept low.
• Ireland had been increasingly neglected by Elizabeth and her council, so many in Ireland felt alienated.
• Council divided over strategy, Elizabeth wanted peace, other advisers arguing for a more aggressive policy to deal with the threat.
• Essex, although most experienced captain he was ill-suited and wasted time and troops in needless manoeuvres.
• Essex did not make good use of the vast amount of resources given to him; how quickly Mountjoy was able to resolve the issue.
• Mountjoy had an army much the same as Essex, better at conciliating the native Irish.