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crusades > key dates: 1099 onwards > Flashcards

key dates: 1099 onwards Flashcards

1
Q

Jerusalem taken

A

15 July 1099

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2
Q

Battle of Ascalon

A

August 1099

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3
Q

Tiberias captured

A

early 1100

(in Galilee) by Tancred

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4
Q

Godfrey dies
Baldwin declared ruler
Baldwin crowned by Daimbert

A

july 1100
November 1100
December 25th

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5
Q

Bohemond campaign against Turks and captured

A

1100

by Danishmends

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6
Q

Baldwin ambushed and injured by small Fatimid raiding party

A

1103

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7
Q

Genoese fleet arrives to help take settlements. Offered a third of any booty taken and a semi-independent trading enclave.

A

Easter 1101

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8
Q

Arsuf taken

A

April 1101

by Baldwin I in three days

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9
Q

Caesarea besieged

A 
may 1101 (again by Baldwin I)
and falls after 15 days. massacre of muslim inhabitants
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10
Q

First Battle of Ramla

A

May 1101 (just after capture of Caesarea)
al-Afdal vs Baldwin I.
Baldwin victorious

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11
Q

Tortosa captured

A

1102

by Ray of Toulouse and survivors of 1101 crusade

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12
Q

second battle of Ramla.

A

May 1102

Fatimids win and Stephen of Blois killed.

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13
Q

Baldwin I defeats Fatimids from Ramla #2

A

June 1102

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14
Q

Latakia taken

A

1103

by Tancred

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15
Q

Bohemond’s release from Danishmends.

A

1103

Baldwin II of Edessa negotiates for 100,000 gold pieces

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16
Q

Jubail captured

A

1104

by Raymond of Toulouse

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17
Q

Acre besieged and captured

A

April 1104

by Baldwin I

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18
Q

Battle of Harran

A

May 1104
Seljuks v. Bohemond and Baldwin II of Edessa.
Baldwin II and Joscelin captured and crusaders lose.

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19
Q

Bohemond leaves Antioch to raise a new crusade

A

Autumn 1104

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20
Q

Duqaq of Damascus dies

A

1104

is replaced with Tughtegin (more willing to cooperate with Fatimids against crusaders)

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21
Q

Tughtegin contributes 1500 archers to Fatimid invasion force

A

1105

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22
Q

Tancred raises tax in Antioch to pay for troops and utilises Edessa’s tax income

A

January 1105

raises army of 1000 knights and 9000 infantry

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23
Q

Battle of Artah

A

april 1105

Tancred besieges Artah with his 10,000 against Ridwan who had 7000 men (3000 of which were jihad volunteers)

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24
Q

Raymond of Toulouse dies, Tripoli still unconquered

A

feb 1105

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25
Q

Tancred regaining territories lost after Harran and truce with Ridwan of Aleppo

A

1105-1110

by 1100- Cilicia and Latakia retaken

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26
Q

third battle of Ramla

A

summer 1105
Fatimids v Baldwin I
Baldwin wins

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27
Q

Tughetgin starts minor raids against the Christians but also short term pacts to facillitate trade

A

1105-1110

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28
Q

Pope Paschal II grants Bohemond support for a new crusade

A

1105-1106

raises 30,000 men and given papal legate

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29
Q

Treaty of Devol

A

September 1108

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30
Q

Baldwin II of Edessa v Tancred over Edessa

A

Summer to autumn 1108

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31
Q

Baldwin II of Edessa released from imprisonment

A

1108

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32
Q

Ridwan v Chavli of Mosul

A

1109

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33
Q

Tughtegin and Baldwin I create demilitarised zone

A

1109
in the Terre de Seuth for farmer cooperation.
lasted much of the 1100s

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34
Q

siege of Tripoli

A

July 1109

by Frankish alliance

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35
Q

Mawdud of Mosul besieges Edessa

A

spring 1110

broken up by coalition army in May

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36
Q

Beirut captured

A

May 1110
Baldwin I
help of Genoese and Pisan ships

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37
Q

Sidon captured

A

October 1110
Baldwin I
help of Norwegian king Sigurd and co

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38
Q

Tancred pressures for tribute payments

A

1110-1111

Aleppo and Shaizar

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39
Q

Shaizar allies with Maudud of Mosul. Leads another Abbasid invasion into Syria.

A

September 1111
Provoked by Tancred
J + E + T hold him off at Apamea and he retreats

40
Q

Baldwin makes deal with Ascalon commander.

A

1111

He breaks off from Fatimid vizier and installs Christian Garrison. Killed by Fatimid loyalists.

41
Q

Tancred dies

A

December 1112

42
Q

Betrand of Toulouse dies

A

1112

replaced with Pons

43
Q

Literally everyone in Outremer gets married…

A

1113
Roger of Antioch marries Cecilia (Baldwin II of E’s sister)
Joscelin of Courtenay marries Roger’s sister
Pons marries Tancred’s widow

44
Q

Maudud of Mosul leads invasion towards Palestine

A

may 1113

joined by Tughetgin. Invade Galilee.

45
Q

Baldwin I surprised by Maudud and Tughtegin at battle of al-Sannabra.

A

june 1113

Humiliating defeat: loses 1000-2000 men

46
Q

Baldwin I retreats to Mount Tabor

A

july 1113

muslims raid the region and then go home.

47
Q

Ridwan of Aleppo dies.

A

1113
Aleppo In chaos: il-ghazi’s son Sulaiman takes control after Lulu (eunuch) becomes regent briefly and expels all the assassins.

48
Q

Pope Paschal II grants formal recognition to the Hospitallers

A

1113

mostly still hospital function at this point

49
Q

Maudud assassinated on visit to Tughtegin in Damascus.

A

October 1113
Tughtegin suspected of involvement; isolating him from Abbasid sultan of Baghdad and makes him more likely to ally with Crusader states.

50
Q

Pope Urban II dies

A

29 July 1099

51
Q

Sultan of Baghdad sends army to take control of Aleppo led by Bursuq.

A

1115

Tughtegin and il-ghazi ally and occupy Aleppo instead PLUS treaty of military cooperation with Roger of Antioch

52
Q

Bursuq invades southern Antiochene lands instead of Aleppo.

A

1115
Forced to retreat by Muslim-Christian coalition (Tughtegin, il-Ghazi, Roger of A, Baldwin II of E, Baldwin I and Pons of Tripoli)

53
Q

Battle of Tell Danith

A

September 1115
Bursuq retreat was fake. Roger of Antioch launches surprise attack hugely outnumbered (coalition had dissolved). Success.

54
Q

Baldwin I campaign into Transjordan.

A

Autumn 1115

Establishes castle of Montreal- revenue from control of Muslim caravan trade routes

55
Q

Baldwin I establishes outpost at Aqaba

A

1116

on coast of Red sea- more trade income

56
Q

Baldwin I launches campaign into Fatimid Egypt.

A

1117-1118

Reaches the Nile and then falls ill

57
Q

Baldwin I dies.

A

April 1118
Baldwin II crowned king of Jerusalem.
Joscelin of Courtenay is Prince of Edessa

58
Q

300 pilgrims massacred at the River Jordan.

A

April 1119

Knights Templar kickstarted; patrolling road from Jaffa to Jerusalem

59
Q

Il-Ghazi marches on Antioch with over 10,000 men

A

june 1119

60
Q

Field of Blood.

A

28th June 1119

surprise attack on Roger of Antioch by il-ghazi. Roger and most of his army are killed.

61
Q

Council of Nablus.

A

January 1120

Decision to make appeal to Pope Calixtus II for a new crusade and to Venice for help.

62
Q

Baldwin II introduces commercial tax cuts

A

1120
grants muslim and Christian traders freedom to enter and trade in Jerusalem.
Il-Ghazi also abolishes trading tolls in Aleppo: agrees to truce with Franks.

63
Q

Battle of Azaz

A

June 1125

combines force of all four states defeats Mosul-Damascus army north of Aleppo.

64
Q

Baldwin recoups lost territories from the Field of Blood

A

1120s.

The Summaq plateau

65
Q

Raymond of le Puy becomes master of Hospitallers

A

1121

takes inspiration from Templars and develops them into string military force

66
Q

Il-ghazi dies

A

1122

67
Q

The venetian crusade arrives

A

Autumn 1122

68
Q

Baldwin II captured by Muslims

A

April 1123
spends 16 months in captivity before being captured
narrowly avoids coup in meantime

69
Q

Tyre taken

A

1124
one of last Muslim-held ports and major trade centre
Baldwin II aided by Venetians
Ventians get: a third of the city, lordship of Tyre, annual 300 gold bezants, exemption from tax and a quarter in every town. (But B2 later negotiates that they need to provide military service for their land in Tyre)

70
Q

Bohemond II takes his place as Prince of Antioch

A

1126
B2’s regency ended
marries b2’s daughter Alice

71
Q

Hugh de Payns travels to europe

A

1127-8

establishes base in London, gaining support and pledges for Templars and recruiting for Crusade to take Damascus.

72
Q

Tughtegin of Damascus dies

A

1128

succeeded by string of ineffectual emirs

73
Q

Zengi seizes control of Aleppo

A

june 1128
exploits fractured political situation after Tughtegin’s death
Aleppo has been weak since Ridwan’s death

74
Q

Zengi made atabeg of Mosul

A

1127

by seljuk sultan of Baghdad

75
Q

Council of Troyes

A

January 1129

Templars recognises as religious order and endorsed by Bernard of Clairvaux (one of Europe’s leading churchmen)

76
Q

Assassins grant Banyas to Baldwin II

A

1129
had been given to them by Tughtegin but facing bloody suppression after attempting to assassinate his son Buri.
strategical foothold between KoJ and Damascus.
Retaken by Muslims in 1132 but Crusaders get It back in 1140.

77
Q

Templars given castle and land at Baghras

A

1130s

region controlling the Belen path- one of main routes into northern syria

78
Q

Bohemond II of Antioch killed in Cilicia

A

February 1130
on campaign into Cilicia to recover lost Antiochene territory. killed by Danishmends.
Survived by infant Constance as heir and wife Alice (daughter of Baldwin II)

79
Q

Alice tries to take control of Antioch

A 
early 1130s
Baldwin II (her dad) comes in to sort out succession but Alice forbids his entrance and sends envoys to Zengi  for assistance against him.
80
Q

Baldwin II dies

A

August 1131
from illness
succeeded in September by daughter Melisende and husband Fulk who are jointly crowned as king and queen of Jerusalem.

81
Q

Joscelin I of Edessa dies

A

September 1131
dies after wounded in a siege
succeeded by son Joscelin II

82
Q

Alice of Antioch v Fulk

A

1131-1134
Alice continues efforts to maintain power over Antioch.
King Fulk rides in to uphold her daughter Constance’s rights.
counts of Edessa and Tripoli support Alice’s claim, against Fulk

83
Q

Marriage issues for Fulk and Melisende

A

1134
Jerusalem aristocracy grow resentful of Fulk appointing his faves to positions of power and his estrangement from Melisende. Force him to rule jointly with her. They reconcile.
Increased importance of Haute Cour (high court), KoJ’s foru for legal, political and military decisions)

84
Q

Raymond of Poitiers marries Constance of Antioch

A

1136
ends political turbulence in Antioch.
he is son of the duke of Aquitaine (William IX)
Constance only 8 so this goes against Canon law (minimum age of 12) but Ralph, patriarch of Antioch overlooks this to remove the possibility that she could marry Manuel (son of Byzantine emperor) and threaten his Latin seat with influence of the Greeks.

85
Q

Emperor John Comnenus marches to Antioch (Alexios’ successor)

A

1137
forces Raymond to acknowledge his theoretical overlordship ( Antioch was area of dispute between Byzantium and crusaders during first crusade)
possibly prompted by the marriage without his consent

subsequent expeditions against Aleppo and Shaizar unsuccessful.

86
Q

Templars gain 3 privileges from Pope

A

1139-1145

  1. right to elect its own master
  2. exemption from tithes payable to local church
  3. and can even collect payable tithes from their own tenants
87
Q

Zengi besieges Damascus

A

December 1139
Takes muslim cities of Hama, Homs and Baalbek in preparation throughout 1130s.
mostly concerned with Mesopotamia (Iraq) and muslim areas rather than the Near east/ Christian settlements

88
Q

Fulk sends army to relieve Damascus

A

1140
Muslim commander of Damascus, Unur, refuses to surrender to Zengi. Makes an alliance with Fulk: Banyas and rich payments for military assistance.
Zengi retreats to Mesopotamia.

89
Q

John II Comnenus returns to Near East

A

late summer 1142
looking to strengthen rule over Antioch
strong army

90
Q

John II Comnenus death

A

April 1143

hunting trip

91
Q

Kerak castle built

A

1142
by KoJ to secure Transjordan
great crusader stronghold

92
Q

Fulk dies

A

1142

Melisende rules with her young son Baldwin III of Jerusalem

93
Q

Zengi targets Muslim Artuqid princes of Diyar Bakr

A

1143

one, Qara Arslan makes alliance with Joscelin II; relinquish territory for military aid

94
Q

Zengi besieges Edessa

A

Autumn 1144
once J2 has marched his troops to help Qara Arslan, Edessa is mostly undefended and Zengi switches aims.
Melisende sends troops but Raymond of Antioch does not (reasons unknown)

95
Q

Edessa falls

A

24th December 1144
Zengi’s miners collapse huge section of walls
Massacre ensues
Fat L for the crusaders :)

crusades (3 decks)

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