KEY CONSEQUENCES Flashcards
TOP FACTS ABOUT THE CRIMEAN WAR (4)
- 500K DEAD
- INKMAN, BALACLACVA, SEBASTAPOL
- WARM WATER PORT
- TREATY OF PARIS MARCH 1856
POLITICAL IMPACTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (4)
- emancipation edict - liberalisation and zemstva
- relaxation of autocracy - reversed later on
- rise in opposition that was ultimately successful
- military changes until Milyukin
ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (3)
- state bank 1883
- 2bil subsidies into railways - x5 increase by 1878
- foreign investment
SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (2)
- though serfs were ‘freed’ - little change
- reforms slow and conservatised under Tolstoy
RUSSO-TURKISH WAR TOP FACTS (3)
- rise of pan Slavism - conservatives and military asked tsar to be more belligerent
- Treaty of San Stephan Mar 1878
- Congress of Berlin 1878
RUSSO-TURKISH WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)
- failed to establish Russia as a great power
- took ages to defeat the ‘decaying man of Europe’ because military reforms still being implemented
- recognised international status?
RUSSO-TURKISH WAR ECONOMIC IMPACT (2)
- one of the motives for the Great Spurt and railway expansion
RUSSO-TURKISH SOCIAL IMPACT (2)
- promoted urbanisation and shift to heavy industry
- proletariat militancy is traced back to growth un urbanisation here
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR TOP FACTS (4)
- Attack of port Arthur 1904 - isolated 60k troops
- embarrassing defeat at Tsushmia
- Treaty of Portsmouth Aug 1905
- Loss of south Manchuria
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)
- loss of port Arthur = 1905 revolution
- progressive bloc and end of tsarism
- realisation of the lack of expertise of the military leaders
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR ECONOMIC IMPACTS (3)
- Difficulties begin to amount at home
- Trans-Siberian still incomplete
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR SOCIAL IMPACTS (2)
- years of the Red Cockerel - growth in proletariat militancy/intelligentsia
- promotion of ‘Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationality’
WW1 TOP FACTS (4)
- Battle of Tannenburg/Mansurian Lakes
- Tsar takes command Aug 1915
- Brusilov offensive
- 2 mil lost in the Great Retreat
WW1 POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)
- Stavka blamed lack of military progression 1915 on shell crisis
- 1915 Tsarina, zemgor, progressive bloc etc
- Catalysed revolution
- Catalysed Civil War
WW1 ECONOMIC IMPACTS (3)
- total cost of war 3bil roubles
- gov expenditure 1913 - 1.5bil roubles
- foreign loans, increase in tax and printing more money
- prices rose by 400% in 1917
WW1 SOCIAL IMPACTS (3)
- rise of opposition and hatred for the tsar
- starvation - bread rationing fell by over 25% in Petrograd in 1916
RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS POLITICAL IMPACTS (6)
- PG - liberalism
- Bolsheviks take over and begin the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’
- removal of zemstva, decrees on work and land, decree on newspapers, setting up the Cheka 1917
- dissolving parliament Jan 1918
- changed structure of gov
- Treaty of BL
RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS ECONOMIC IMPACTS (6)
- State Capitalism
- Bonus schemes 1917
RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS SOCIAL IMPACTS (3)
- dekulakisation
- censorship
- propaganda
COLD WAR TOP FACTS (5)
- Marshall Plan and Truman Doc 1947
- Berlin Blockade 1948-49
- 1957 - Space Race
- Berlin Wall 1961#
- Cuban Missile Crisis Oct 1962
COLD WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)
- EXTERNAL - Khrushchev didn’t manage to change the image of Russia
- destalinisation motivated by CW
- INTERNAL - made those in government doubt his leadership
COLD WAR ECONOMIC IMPACTS (1)
- over investment into space race and nuclear brinksmanship would devastate the LT stability of the communist system
WW2 POLITICAL IMPACT
- not a lot of political impact - in fact political control was strengthened
- minorities saw a significant change ( e.g Eastern Europe) as communist control of those countries transformed the political system
WW2 ECONOMIC IMPACT
- working hours peak at 12hrs in 1932 but reduced 1939
- 5YP - fourth one focuses on the needs of the war
- harsh collectivisation perused after the war
WW2 SOCIAL IMPACT (5)
- at the beginning of WW2 - 25mil homeless (living standards not priority)
- 27 mil dead
- structural damage
- control and railcards etc - absence from work was a crime
- propaganda - glorified the soldiers on the front
CIVIL WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (4)
- power became more centralised
- non-Bolsheviks expelled from government
- government made of Red Army soldiers and people from the Cheka
- politburo held a lot of power which facilitated Stalin’s rise
CIVIL WAR ECONOMIC IMPACT (3)
- grain output had declined to 8.9mil tonnes by 1921 (nullified successes of State Capitalism)
- command economy achieved but at a great cost - population and industry declined
- shift to NEP to solve problems
CIVIL WAR SOCIAL IMPACT (2)
- terror rose - Red Terror
- this trend continued under Stalin
KEY EVENTS OF THE 1905 REVOLUTION (4)
18th Feb - Putilov Steel Works strike
23rd Feb – Womens’ Day March
28th Feb - Kronsdat Sailor’s Mutiny
3rd March - N2 abdicates
