KEY CONSEQUENCES

Question 1

TOP FACTS ABOUT THE CRIMEAN WAR (4)

Answer 1

• 500K DEAD
• INKMAN, BALACLACVA, SEBASTAPOL
• WARM WATER PORT
• TREATY OF PARIS MARCH 1856

Question 2

POLITICAL IMPACTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (4)

Answer 2

• emancipation edict - liberalisation and zemstva
• relaxation of autocracy - reversed later on
• rise in opposition that was ultimately successful
• military changes until Milyukin

Question 3

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (3)

Answer 3

• state bank 1883
• 2bil subsidies into railways - x5 increase by 1878
• foreign investment

Question 4

SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (2)

Answer 4

• though serfs were ‘freed’ - little change

- reforms slow and conservatised under Tolstoy

Question 5

RUSSO-TURKISH WAR TOP FACTS (3)

Answer 5

• rise of pan Slavism - conservatives and military asked tsar to be more belligerent
• Treaty of San Stephan Mar 1878
• Congress of Berlin 1878

Question 6

RUSSO-TURKISH WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)

Answer 6

• failed to establish Russia as a great power
• took ages to defeat the ‘decaying man of Europe’ because military reforms still being implemented
• recognised international status?

Question 7

RUSSO-TURKISH WAR ECONOMIC IMPACT (2)

Answer 7

• one of the motives for the Great Spurt and railway expansion

Question 8

RUSSO-TURKISH SOCIAL IMPACT (2)

Answer 8

• promoted urbanisation and shift to heavy industry

- proletariat militancy is traced back to growth un urbanisation here

Question 9

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR TOP FACTS (4)

Answer 9

• Attack of port Arthur 1904 - isolated 60k troops
• embarrassing defeat at Tsushmia
• Treaty of Portsmouth Aug 1905
• Loss of south Manchuria

Question 10

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)

Answer 10

• loss of port Arthur = 1905 revolution
• progressive bloc and end of tsarism
• realisation of the lack of expertise of the military leaders

Question 11

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR ECONOMIC IMPACTS (3)

Answer 11

• Difficulties begin to amount at home

- Trans-Siberian still incomplete

Question 12

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR SOCIAL IMPACTS (2)

Answer 12

• years of the Red Cockerel - growth in proletariat militancy/intelligentsia
• promotion of ‘Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationality’

Question 13

WW1 TOP FACTS (4)

Answer 13

• Battle of Tannenburg/Mansurian Lakes
• Tsar takes command Aug 1915
• Brusilov offensive
• 2 mil lost in the Great Retreat

Question 14

WW1 POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)

Answer 14

• Stavka blamed lack of military progression 1915 on shell crisis
• 1915 Tsarina, zemgor, progressive bloc etc
• Catalysed revolution
• Catalysed Civil War

Question 15

WW1 ECONOMIC IMPACTS (3)

Answer 15

• total cost of war 3bil roubles
• gov expenditure 1913 - 1.5bil roubles
• foreign loans, increase in tax and printing more money
• prices rose by 400% in 1917

Question 16

WW1 SOCIAL IMPACTS (3)

Answer 16

• rise of opposition and hatred for the tsar

- starvation - bread rationing fell by over 25% in Petrograd in 1916

Question 17

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS POLITICAL IMPACTS (6)

Answer 17

• PG - liberalism
• Bolsheviks take over and begin the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’
• removal of zemstva, decrees on work and land, decree on newspapers, setting up the Cheka 1917
• dissolving parliament Jan 1918
• changed structure of gov
• Treaty of BL

Question 18

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS ECONOMIC IMPACTS (6)

Answer 18

• State Capitalism

- Bonus schemes 1917

Question 19

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS SOCIAL IMPACTS (3)

Answer 19

• dekulakisation
• censorship
• propaganda

Question 20

COLD WAR TOP FACTS (5)

Answer 20

• Marshall Plan and Truman Doc 1947
• Berlin Blockade 1948-49
• 1957 - Space Race
• Berlin Wall 1961#
• Cuban Missile Crisis Oct 1962

Question 21

COLD WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (3)

Answer 21

• EXTERNAL - Khrushchev didn’t manage to change the image of Russia
• destalinisation motivated by CW
• INTERNAL - made those in government doubt his leadership

Question 22

COLD WAR ECONOMIC IMPACTS (1)

Answer 22

• over investment into space race and nuclear brinksmanship would devastate the LT stability of the communist system

Question 23

WW2 POLITICAL IMPACT

Answer 23

• not a lot of political impact - in fact political control was strengthened
• minorities saw a significant change ( e.g Eastern Europe) as communist control of those countries transformed the political system

Question 24

WW2 ECONOMIC IMPACT

Answer 24

• working hours peak at 12hrs in 1932 but reduced 1939
• 5YP - fourth one focuses on the needs of the war
• harsh collectivisation perused after the war

Question 25

WW2 SOCIAL IMPACT (5)

Answer 25

• at the beginning of WW2 - 25mil homeless (living standards not priority)
• 27 mil dead
• structural damage
• control and railcards etc - absence from work was a crime
• propaganda - glorified the soldiers on the front

Question 26

CIVIL WAR POLITICAL IMPACTS (4)

Answer 26

• power became more centralised
• non-Bolsheviks expelled from government
• government made of Red Army soldiers and people from the Cheka
• politburo held a lot of power which facilitated Stalin’s rise

Question 27

CIVIL WAR ECONOMIC IMPACT (3)

Answer 27

• grain output had declined to 8.9mil tonnes by 1921 (nullified successes of State Capitalism)
• command economy achieved but at a great cost - population and industry declined
• shift to NEP to solve problems

Question 28

CIVIL WAR SOCIAL IMPACT (2)

Answer 28

• terror rose - Red Terror

- this trend continued under Stalin

Question 29

KEY EVENTS OF THE 1905 REVOLUTION (4)

Answer 29

18th Feb - Putilov Steel Works strike
23rd Feb – Womens’ Day March
28th Feb - Kronsdat Sailor’s Mutiny
3rd March - N2 abdicates