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Edexcel GCSE Biology - Foundation > Key Concepts Of Biology > Flashcards

Key Concepts Of Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all living things made of?

A

Cells

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2
Q

What’s the difference between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells?

A
  • Eukaryotic Cells are complex

- Prokaryotic cells are Smaller and simpler

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3
Q

Name 2 eukaryotic cells

A

Animal and Plant cells

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4
Q

Name a prokaryotic Cells

A

Bacteria Cells

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5
Q

What is a sub cellular structures

A

It is the different part of a cell

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6
Q

Name 5 sub-cellular structures in an Animal Cells and what is their function

A

Nucleus- Contains DNA which Controls the cells- Stored in structures called chromosomes

Cytoplasms- where most chemical reactions happens

Cell membrane- Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Mitochondria- where aerobic respiration
happens, releases energy for the cell

Ribosomes-join amino acids together to make protein

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7
Q

Plant cells have the same 5 sub cellular structures as the animal plants but there are 3 more what are they and what it’s function

A

Cell wall- Made of Celluose and supports the cell and strengths it

Chloroplasts- where photosynthesis happens, which makes food for plants

Vacuole- stores a cell sap

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8
Q

What does a bacterial cell have the an animal and plant cell doesn’t have

A

Flagellum
Plasmid DNA
Chromosal DNA

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9
Q

What is a specialised Cells

A

Cells with a structure that makes them to its job

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10
Q

What are egg and sperm cells specialised for

A

Specialised for reproduction

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11
Q

What happens to the egg and sperm cell in sexual reproduction

A
  • Egg and sperm cell combine

- Creates a fertilised egg which develops into an embryo

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12
Q

What is the function of the egg cell and Sperm cells

A

Egg cells-Carry female DNA and feed the embryo

Sperm cells- Carry Male DNA to the egg

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13
Q

What does and egg cell have?

A

Cell membranes
Nucleus
Cytoplasms

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14
Q

What does a sperm cell have and what’s it’s function

A

Tail- Swims to the egg

Acrosome- stored enzymes that digest through membrane

Nucleus

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15
Q

What are cilliated epithelial Cells specialised for

A

Specialised for moving material

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16
Q

What is the function of cilia

A

They move substances by beating them along the surface of the tissue

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17
Q

What does some epilthelial cells contain

A

Cillia at the top surface of a cell

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18
Q

How are Cells studied

A

Using a microscope

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19
Q

What is the difference between a light and electron microscopes

A

Light microscopes can let you see different part of a cell

Electron microscopes male specimen look bigger and show more detail

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20
Q

What is the formula for magnification

A

Image size = image size
——————
Real Size

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21
Q

What is the equation for total magnification

A

Total Magnification = eyepiece lens x objective

lens

22
Q

What are Enzymes

A

Catalysts produced by Living things

23
Q

What does the word Biological catalyst mean

A

They speed but electrical reactions in living organisms

24
Q

What is a substrate

A

A molecule that gets changed in a chemical reaction

25
Q

What is the active site

A

The part where it joins on its substrate to catalyse the reaction

26
Q

Enzymes are a substrate specific what does that mean

A

Means they only work with one substrate

27
Q

Why do enzymes have a specific substrate?

A

For the enzyme to work it has to fit into the active site

28
Q

What do enzymes catalyse

A

They catalyse breakdown and synthetic reactions

29
Q

Proteins,lipids and some carbohydrates are what type of molecules

A

They are Big Molecules

30
Q

What organisms need to break down and give an example

A

Organisms often need to break down big molecules into smaller ones e.g. digestion

31
Q

What do organisms need to synthesis (make)

A

Make big to small molecules e.g. make new cells

32
Q

Carbohydrates break what and give example

A

Breaks carbohydrates into simple sugars

E.g. amylase is a type of carbohydrase which breaks down starch

33
Q

What do proteases break down

A

Proteases break down protein into amino acids

34
Q

Lipases break down what

A

Lipases break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

35
Q

What is the optimum

A

Maximum point(at the top of the graph)

36
Q

What is denatured

A

The shape of the active site has Changed differently

37
Q

The higher the substrate concentration…

A

The faster the reaction

38
Q

What is the equation of rate of reaction

A

Rate= 1000
———
Time

39
Q

Calculate the rate of reaction which finished 80 secs use the unit s-1

A

Rate= 1000
———
Time

       1000
      ——— = 12.5
         80
40
Q

What is diffusion

A

Spreading out of particles from a high to low concentration

41
Q

What is osmosis

A

Movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from less to more concentrated

42
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane

A

A membrane with small holes in it

43
Q

Where does water pass through in osmosis

A

Passes both ways through a membrane

44
Q

Which molecules can pass through the membrane and which ones can’t and why

A

Small molecules can pass and big molecules can’t because the big ones can’t pass through the wholes whereas the small can fit through the hole

45
Q

Because the osmosis is water going from less to more concentrated what does it mean for the more concentrated side?

A

The more concentrated gets more diluted

46
Q

What is Active Transport

A

Movement of particles across a membrane from low to high concentration

47
Q

Active transport moves particles against what ?

A

A concentration gradient

48
Q

What does active transport also require and what is it released by?

A

It requires energy, which is released by respiration

49
Q

When doing a practical on investigating osmosis what is the independent variable (change)

A

The independent variable is the concentration of the sucrose solution

50
Q

What is the equation for percentage change in mass?

A

Percentage= final mass - starting mass.
———————————— x100
Starting Mass

Edexcel GCSE Biology - Foundation (2 decks)

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