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Edexcel GCSE Biology - Foundation > Cells And Control > Flashcards

Cells And Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What do chromosomes contain

A

They Contain Genetic Informations

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2
Q

What are Chromosomes

A

Cooled up lengths of DNA Molecules

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3
Q

Body cells Normally have 2 copies of each chromosomes what is this called and where are they from

A

They are called diploid Cells and 23 comes from your mother and the other 23 comes from your dad

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4
Q

What does the cell cycle do

A

Makes new cells for growth and Repair

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5
Q

The stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides is called what

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

What is mitosis used for

A

Used for growth and repair

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7
Q

Some organisms use mitosis to reproduce what is known as…

A

Asexual reproduction

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8
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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9
Q

What happens during interphase

A

DNA is spread out in long strings and forms x shaped chromosomes , the cell makes copies of itself

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10
Q

What happens during prophase

A

Membrane around the nucleus break down

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11
Q

What happens during metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell

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12
Q

What happens during anaphase

A

Each chromosomes split in half and pulled to opposite ends of the cell

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13
Q

What happens during telophase

A

Membranes form around each new set of chromosomes

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14
Q

What happens during cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasms and cell membranes divide

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15
Q

What is growth

A

It’s an increase in size or mass

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16
Q

What does growth involve

A

Cell division, elongation and differentiation

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17
Q

All growth in animals happen by what

A

By cell division

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18
Q

Plants grow by what..

A

They grow by cell division and cell differentiation

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19
Q

What is Cell elongation

A

It’s when a plant cell expand making the cell bigger

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20
Q

Development in animals and plants happen by what…

A

Happens by cell differentiation

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21
Q

What is cell differentiation

A

How a cell changes to become adapted to its job

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22
Q

An organisms DNA controls what

A

How quickly cells divide by mitosis

23
Q

What are percentile charted used for

A

Used to monitor growth

24
Q

Cells differentiate (change) to be become what?

A

To become specialised cells

25
Q

Undifferentiated Cells are called what..

A

Stem cells

26
Q

Where can stem cells be found

A

They can be found in animal embryos called embryonic stem cells

27
Q

What are embryonic stem cells important for

A

They are important for growth and development of organisms

28
Q

Adult stem cells can only produce what..

A

Certain types of specialised cells

29
Q

In animals what are adult stem cells used to replace

A

Used to replace damaged cells e.g. to make new skin cells

30
Q

Plants have a tissue called what..

A

Meristems

31
Q

What do meristems contain

A

Plant stem cells

32
Q

Where are meristems found in

A

They are found in areas of a plant that is growing e.g. roots

33
Q

What else are stem cells used in

A

Can be used in medicine

34
Q

What is the nervous system made up of

A

Nerve cells (neurones)

35
Q

What does the body have a lot of in the nervous system

A

Sensory receptors

36
Q

What are sensory receptors

A

They are groups of cells that can detect a change in your environment

37
Q

Fill in the Blanks

When a S_________ is detected by R___________
The information is C__________ to A N__________
I_________

A

1.Sensory
2.Receptors
3.Converted
4 Nervous Impulse

38
Q

The nervous impulse from stimulus to receptors is sent along from where to where

A

Sent along sensory neurones to the CNS

39
Q

Impulses Travel through the CNS along which neurones

A

Relay neurone

40
Q

What do all neurones have

A

A cell body
Dendrites or dendrons
Axon

41
Q

What are axon

A

Extensions that carry nervous impulses away from the cell body

42
Q

Some axons are surrounded by a fatty material called what

A

Myelin Sheath

43
Q

What is the function of myelin sheath

A

Speeds up electrical impulses

44
Q

What is the function of the sensory neurones

A

Carries impulses from receptors to CNS

45
Q

What is the function of motor neurone

A

Carries impulses from CNS to effectors

46
Q

What is the function of the relay neurones

A

Carries impulses through the CNS

47
Q

What is a Synapse

A

It’s where 2 neurones join together

48
Q

When a electrical impulses reach a synapse what happens next

A

Chemicals called neurotransmitters move across the gap

49
Q

What does neurotransmitters set off in the next neurone

A

They set off new electrical impulses in the next neurone

50
Q

What are reflexes

A

Reflexes are automatic (they happen without you thinking)

This makes them quicker than normal responses

51
Q

What do reflexes help stop doing and give an example

A

They help you stop injuring yourself e.g. move your hand from a hot iron

52
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

It’s the passage of info in a reflex (from receptor to effector)

53
Q

Where do the neurones in a reflex arc go through..

A

They go through the spinal cord or an unconscious part of the brain

54
Q

Give an example of how a reflex arc would work

A

Bee stings your fingers

1) Bee sting detected by sensory receptors
2) impulses are are sent along a sensory to the CNS
3) In the CNS, Relay neurone passes on the impulses from sensory to motor
4) Impulses are sent along motor neurone to the effector
5) effector is a muscle. It contracts to move your hand away from the bee

Edexcel GCSE Biology - Foundation (2 decks)

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