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Biology PPE > Key concepts in Biology > Flashcards

Key concepts in Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What object is used to magnify images?

A

Microscope

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2
Q

What does resolution mean?

A

The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced

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3
Q

Describe how a light microscope works

A

The optical or light microscope uses visible light transmitted through, refracted around, or reflected from a specimen

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4
Q

What is the formula triangle for magnification?

A

magnification of image = the image size ÷ object size

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5
Q

Describe differences between light and electron microscopes.

A

the radiation used to form an image; the ‘light’ and ‘electron’ in the names refer to the radiation being used. Using visible light as a radiation has several limitations, which the electron microscope lessens

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6
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

They serve as batteries, powering various functions of the cell and the organism as a whole

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7
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

It protects the integrity of the cell along with supporting the cell and helping to maintain the cell’s shape

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8
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

The cytoplasm functions to support and suspend organelles and cellular molecules.

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9
Q

What is the nucleus for?

A

The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell

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10
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein

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11
Q

What do chloroplasts contain? What is the role?

A

The function of chloroplasts is to produce energy for the cell through the process of photosynthesis. The chloroplasts of a cell are filled with chlorophyll which captures the energy in certain wavelengths of light.

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12
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

store substances typically either waste or harmful substances, or useful substances the cell will need later on

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13
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

The main functions of the cell wall are to provide structure, support, and protection for the cell

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14
Q

Which 3 organelles are only found in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

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15
Q

How are bacterial cells different to plant and animal cells?

A

animals and plants have eukaryotic cells while bacteria have prokaryotic cells

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16
Q

What are the specialized features of sperm?

A

flagellum, the nucleus is located at the head of the cell and full of mitochondria to provide energy for swimming.

17
Q

What are the specialized features of ciliated epithelium?

A

cilia

18
Q

What are the specialized features of egg cells?

A

gametes, have half of the genetic information required to form a new individual

19
Q

How big is milli?

A

one thousandth

20
Q

How big is nano

A

one billionth

21
Q

How big is micro

A

one millionth

22
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

23
Q

Which part of an enzyme binds to the substrate?

A

active site

24
Q

Why do enzymes only work on certain reactions?

A

because the active site is specific and has to fit for the enzyme to work.

25
Q

What does denature mean?

A

modifying the molecular structure of a protein

26
Q

What two things cause denaturing of an enzyme?

A

changing the temperature and the PH

27
Q

What enzymes break down carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

28
Q

What enzymes break down proteins?

A

Protease

29
Q

What enzymes break down lipids?

A

lipase

30
Q

What is the role of bile?

A

to aid in the dispersion and digestion of fat in the lumen of the small intestine

31
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

32
Q

What is active transport?

A

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration

33
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution (high concentration of water) to a more concentrated solution (low concentration of water) across a selectively permeable membrane

Biology PPE (2 decks)

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