Key concepts in Biology Flashcards
What object is used to magnify images?
Microscope
What does resolution mean?
The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced
Describe how a light microscope works
The optical or light microscope uses visible light transmitted through, refracted around, or reflected from a specimen
What is the formula triangle for magnification?
magnification of image = the image size ÷ object size
Describe differences between light and electron microscopes.
the radiation used to form an image; the ‘light’ and ‘electron’ in the names refer to the radiation being used. Using visible light as a radiation has several limitations, which the electron microscope lessens
What does the mitochondria do?
They serve as batteries, powering various functions of the cell and the organism as a whole
What does the cell membrane do?
It protects the integrity of the cell along with supporting the cell and helping to maintain the cell’s shape
What does the cytoplasm do?
The cytoplasm functions to support and suspend organelles and cellular molecules.
What is the nucleus for?
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell
What do ribosomes do?
Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein
What do chloroplasts contain? What is the role?
The function of chloroplasts is to produce energy for the cell through the process of photosynthesis. The chloroplasts of a cell are filled with chlorophyll which captures the energy in certain wavelengths of light.
What does the vacuole do?
store substances typically either waste or harmful substances, or useful substances the cell will need later on
What is the function of the cell wall?
The main functions of the cell wall are to provide structure, support, and protection for the cell
Which 3 organelles are only found in plant cells?
chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
How are bacterial cells different to plant and animal cells?
animals and plants have eukaryotic cells while bacteria have prokaryotic cells
What are the specialized features of sperm?
flagellum, the nucleus is located at the head of the cell and full of mitochondria to provide energy for swimming.
What are the specialized features of ciliated epithelium?
cilia
What are the specialized features of egg cells?
gametes, have half of the genetic information required to form a new individual
How big is milli?
one thousandth
How big is nano
one billionth
How big is micro
one millionth
What is an enzyme?
a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Which part of an enzyme binds to the substrate?
active site
Why do enzymes only work on certain reactions?
because the active site is specific and has to fit for the enzyme to work.
What does denature mean?
modifying the molecular structure of a protein
What two things cause denaturing of an enzyme?
changing the temperature and the PH
What enzymes break down carbohydrates?
Amylase
What enzymes break down proteins?
Protease
What enzymes break down lipids?
lipase
What is the role of bile?
to aid in the dispersion and digestion of fat in the lumen of the small intestine
What is diffusion?
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is active transport?
the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution (high concentration of water) to a more concentrated solution (low concentration of water) across a selectively permeable membrane
