key concepts and processes of cultural trasmission- keywords Flashcards
agents of socialisation
institutions that pass on the culture of a society to its members e.g family and the education system
cultural diversity
different societies having different ways of living e.g. some people in east asia eat with chopsticks others eat with forks
cultural relativity
the idea -what norms are accepted related to the society you are coming from -what is accepted as normal behaviour e.g. norms in one culture may shock another culture
culture
shared way of living within a group of people e.g. religious traditions
formal curriculum
organisations and agents set up to teach people how to behave deliberately e.g. school where teachers are trained
hidden curriculum
messages and ideas pupils pick up at school through the day that arent taught as part of official curriculum. - e.g.if in a primary school most teachers are female but the head is male, children may see men as superior
identity
how one views themselves or how others view them
nationality, sexuality
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
^important parts of a person’s identity
nature vs nuture debate
whether people are born to behave as they do because it comes naturally or whether they learn to act as they do from environment
norms
expected behaviour in a particular situation
peer pressure
a group of people of a similar age group wanting to be part of a group- group has own norms and values - if young person doesnt follow norms they’ll receive informal negative sanction from rest - they will behave like rest of group to avoid sanction
role models
individuals that young people look up to for their desired behaviour so young people try to copy and imitate
roles
the function assumed of part played by someone or something in a particular situation
sanctions
positive or negative actions taken to encourage poeple to follow social norms, rules and laws
positive- merits
negative- detention
social control
the means by which order is kept in society
socialisation
the process by which individuals learn the culture, norms and values of their society- life long process
socially constructed status
something that society has shaped, e.g. childhood has changed and been shaped by society over the last 100 years
society
a group of people who share a common territory and culture and who interact with each other as a more or less orderly commuity
values
the belief and ways of conduct that people and societies see as important and worth striving for and holding on to- e.g. british values democracy
cultural universals
social behaviours that are found in all cultures
role conflict
when the demands of one role clash with the demands of other roles
status
respect others give to you in society- your position in society
ascribed status
fixed at birth by our social characterisitics and is something that cant be easily changed
achieved status
not fixed based on someone’s own personal achievements and efforts
subculture
smaller culture within a culture with its own norms and values who share a common identity
nature theories
supported by biologists and claim that human behaviour is explained by genetics and physical characteristics
nurture theories
supported by sociologists who say people learn how to behave from those around them
feral children
a human child who has been isolated from human contact from a very young age and has little to no exprience of human care, behaviour or language
