key concepts and processes of cultural trasmission- keywords Flashcards

1
Q

agents of socialisation

A

institutions that pass on the culture of a society to its members e.g family and the education system

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2
Q

cultural diversity

A

different societies having different ways of living e.g. some people in east asia eat with chopsticks others eat with forks

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3
Q

cultural relativity

A

the idea -what norms are accepted related to the society you are coming from -what is accepted as normal behaviour e.g. norms in one culture may shock another culture

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4
Q

culture

A

shared way of living within a group of people e.g. religious traditions

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5
Q

formal curriculum

A

organisations and agents set up to teach people how to behave deliberately e.g. school where teachers are trained

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6
Q

hidden curriculum

A

messages and ideas pupils pick up at school through the day that arent taught as part of official curriculum. - e.g.if in a primary school most teachers are female but the head is male, children may see men as superior

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7
Q

identity

A

how one views themselves or how others view them
nationality, sexuality
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
^important parts of a person’s identity

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8
Q

nature vs nuture debate

A

whether people are born to behave as they do because it comes naturally or whether they learn to act as they do from environment

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9
Q

norms

A

expected behaviour in a particular situation

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10
Q

peer pressure

A

a group of people of a similar age group wanting to be part of a group- group has own norms and values - if young person doesnt follow norms they’ll receive informal negative sanction from rest - they will behave like rest of group to avoid sanction

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11
Q

role models

A

individuals that young people look up to for their desired behaviour so young people try to copy and imitate

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12
Q

roles

A

the function assumed of part played by someone or something in a particular situation

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13
Q

sanctions

A

positive or negative actions taken to encourage poeple to follow social norms, rules and laws
positive- merits
negative- detention

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14
Q

social control

A

the means by which order is kept in society

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15
Q

socialisation

A

the process by which individuals learn the culture, norms and values of their society- life long process

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16
Q

socially constructed status

A

something that society has shaped, e.g. childhood has changed and been shaped by society over the last 100 years

17
Q

society

A

a group of people who share a common territory and culture and who interact with each other as a more or less orderly commuity

18
Q

values

A

the belief and ways of conduct that people and societies see as important and worth striving for and holding on to- e.g. british values democracy

19
Q

cultural universals

A

social behaviours that are found in all cultures

20
Q

role conflict

A

when the demands of one role clash with the demands of other roles

21
Q

status

A

respect others give to you in society- your position in society

22
Q

ascribed status

A

fixed at birth by our social characterisitics and is something that cant be easily changed

23
Q

achieved status

A

not fixed based on someone’s own personal achievements and efforts

24
Q

subculture

A

smaller culture within a culture with its own norms and values who share a common identity

25
nature theories
supported by biologists and claim that human behaviour is explained by genetics and physical characteristics
26
nurture theories
supported by sociologists who say people learn how to behave from those around them
27
feral children
a human child who has been isolated from human contact from a very young age and has little to no exprience of human care, behaviour or language