key concepts and processes of cultural trasmission- keywords

Question 1

agents of socialisation

Answer 1

institutions that pass on the culture of a society to its members e.g family and the education system

Question 2

cultural diversity

Answer 2

different societies having different ways of living e.g. some people in east asia eat with chopsticks others eat with forks

Question 3

cultural relativity

Answer 3

the idea -what norms are accepted related to the society you are coming from -what is accepted as normal behaviour e.g. norms in one culture may shock another culture

Question 4

culture

Answer 4

shared way of living within a group of people e.g. religious traditions

Question 5

formal curriculum

Answer 5

organisations and agents set up to teach people how to behave deliberately e.g. school where teachers are trained

Question 6

hidden curriculum

Answer 6

messages and ideas pupils pick up at school through the day that arent taught as part of official curriculum. - e.g.if in a primary school most teachers are female but the head is male, children may see men as superior

Question 7

identity

Answer 7

how one views themselves or how others view them
nationality, sexuality
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
^important parts of a person’s identity

Question 8

nature vs nuture debate

Answer 8

whether people are born to behave as they do because it comes naturally or whether they learn to act as they do from environment

Question 9

norms

Answer 9

expected behaviour in a particular situation

Question 10

peer pressure

Answer 10

a group of people of a similar age group wanting to be part of a group- group has own norms and values - if young person doesnt follow norms they’ll receive informal negative sanction from rest - they will behave like rest of group to avoid sanction

Question 11

role models

Answer 11

individuals that young people look up to for their desired behaviour so young people try to copy and imitate

Question 12

roles

Answer 12

the function assumed of part played by someone or something in a particular situation

Question 13

sanctions

Answer 13

positive or negative actions taken to encourage poeple to follow social norms, rules and laws
positive- merits
negative- detention

Question 14

social control

Answer 14

the means by which order is kept in society

Question 15

socialisation

Answer 15

the process by which individuals learn the culture, norms and values of their society- life long process

Question 16

socially constructed status

Answer 16

something that society has shaped, e.g. childhood has changed and been shaped by society over the last 100 years

Question 17

society

Answer 17

a group of people who share a common territory and culture and who interact with each other as a more or less orderly commuity

Question 18

values

Answer 18

the belief and ways of conduct that people and societies see as important and worth striving for and holding on to- e.g. british values democracy

Question 19

cultural universals

Answer 19

social behaviours that are found in all cultures

Question 20

role conflict

Answer 20

when the demands of one role clash with the demands of other roles

Question 21

status

Answer 21

respect others give to you in society- your position in society

Question 22

ascribed status

Answer 22

fixed at birth by our social characterisitics and is something that cant be easily changed

Question 23

achieved status

Answer 23

not fixed based on someone’s own personal achievements and efforts

Question 24

subculture

Answer 24

smaller culture within a culture with its own norms and values who share a common identity

Question 25

nature theories

Answer 25

supported by biologists and claim that human behaviour is explained by genetics and physical characteristics

Question 26

nurture theories

Answer 26

supported by sociologists who say people learn how to behave from those around them

Question 27

feral children

Answer 27

a human child who has been isolated from human contact from a very young age and has little to no exprience of human care, behaviour or language