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Chemistry - GCSE > Key Concepts > Flashcards

Key Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Water Equation

A

H20

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2
Q

Carbon Dioxide equation

A

C02

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3
Q

Chlorine equation

A

Cl2

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4
Q

Ammonia equation

A

NH3

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5
Q

Hydrogen equation

A

H2

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6
Q

Oxygen equation

A

O2

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7
Q

Ammonium ion equation

A

NH4+

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8
Q

Nitrate ion equation

A

NO3-

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9
Q

Sulfate ion equation

A

SO4 2-

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10
Q

Hydroxide ion equation

A

OH-

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11
Q

Carbonate ion equation

A

CO3 2-

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12
Q

What does oxidising symbol mean

A

Provides oxygen which allows other materials to burn better

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13
Q

What does harmful symbol mean

A

Can cause irritation and blistering of skin

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14
Q

What dies toxic symbol mean

A

Can cause death by inhaling or taking in

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15
Q

What does corrosive sign mean

A

Destroys materials and living tissue

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16
Q

What did John dalton show an atom as

A

A solid sphere and that different spheres make different elements

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17
Q

What did jj thomson say about the atom

A

Atoms weren’t solid spheres and that charge and mass showed that an atom must contain smaller negatively charged particles called electrons. Called plum pudding

18
Q

What did rutherford say about the atom

A

Gold foil experiment
Fired positive charged alpha particles at thin sheet of gold. Expected particles to go straight through but some wer deflected more than expected and some deflected backwards. Came up with idea of the nucleus

19
Q

What did bohr say about the atom

A

The electrons are contained in shells that only exist in fixed orbits. Each shell has fixed energy

20
Q

What does the nucleus of an atom contain

A

Protons and neutrons. Positive charge. Whole mass is concentrated in neucleus

21
Q

What does size of electron shell show.

A

The size of the atom

22
Q

What does atomic number show

A

How many protons. Bottom left.

23
Q

What does mass number show

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in atom

24
Q

What is number of protons equal to

A

Number of electrons

25
Q

What are isotopes

A

Different forms of the same element which have same number of protons but different number of neutrons

26
Q

How many electrons allowed in first shell

A

2

27
Q

How many electrons allowed in second and third shell

A

8

28
Q

What are ions

A

Charged particles. Happens when an atom loses or gains an electron to form ions. Trying to get full outer shell.

29
Q

What is anion

A

When atoms gain electrons. More electrons than protons

30
Q

What is cation

A

When atoms lose electrons - more protons than electrons

31
Q

How do you find charge of ion

A

The number of electrons lost or gained

32
Q

What is the overall charge of an ionic compound

A

0

33
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A

High melting and boiling points as strong attraction between ions
Dont conduct electricity, however when melted can carry electric current
Dissolve easily in water, will carry an electric current in liquid

34
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

Strong bond that forms when a pair of electrons is shared between 2 atoms.

35
Q

How are simple molecular substances made

A

Made of molecules containing few atoms joined by covalent bonds. Use dot and cross diagrams to show

36
Q

Properties of simple molecular substances

A

Atoms within molecules held together by very strong covalent bonds
Forces of attraction between molecules very weak
Melting and boiling points low as easily separated
Usually gases or liquid at room temp
As molecules get bigger intermolecular forces get stronger
Dont conduct electricity

37
Q

What is a polymer

A

Molecules made of long chains of covalently bonded carbon atoms

38
Q

Properties of giant covalent structure

A

All atoms bonded together by strong covalent bonds
Very high melting and boiling points
Dont conduct electricity
Not soluble in water

39
Q

What are fullerenes

A

Molecule of carbon shaped like closed tubes. Made of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons or pentagons

40
Q

How are metals bonded

A

Have giant structure. Electrons on outer shell are delocalised. Strong forces of electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and electrons.
Forces of attraction hold atoms together in regular structure known as metallic bonding. Very strong
Compounds include alloys and metallic elements

41
Q

Properties of metals

A 
Hard to break
High melting and boiling points
Usually shiny solids at room temp
Not soluble in water
More dense than non metals
Malleable
Good conductors of electricity and heat
42
Q

What happens to mass in chemical reaction

A

No atoms destroyed or created

Chemistry - GCSE (6 decks)

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