Fuels And Earth

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

What is crude oil

Answer 2

A complex mixture of hydrocarbons containing molecules in which carbon atoms are in chains or rings.
Its also a important source of useful substances such as fuels

Question 3

Fraction 1

Answer 3

Gases - used in domestic heating and cooking

Question 4

Fraction 2

Answer 4

Petrol - used as car fuel

Question 5

Fraction 3

Answer 5

Kerosene - used as aircraft fuel

Question 6

Fraction 4

Answer 6

Diesel oil - used as fuel for cars and trains

Question 7

Fraction 5

Answer 7

Fuel oil - used as fuel for ships and power stations

Question 8

Fraction 6

Answer 8

Bitumen - used to surface roofs and roads

Question 9

How do hydrocarbons differ from each other

Answer 9

They all have a different ;

• number of carbon and hydrogen atoms
• boiling points
• ease of ignotion
• viscosity (how fast a liquid is able to flow)

Question 10

What is the homologous series

Answer 10

A series of compounds which…

• similar chemical properties
• same general formula
• differ by CH2 in molecular formulae from neighbouring compounds
• gradual variation in physical properties like boiling points

Question 11

Complete combustion equation

Answer 11

Hydrogen + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + (energy)

Question 12

When does incomplete combustion happen

Answer 12

When there is a limited supply of oxygen.

Question 13

What is made from incomplete combustion

Answer 13

Water, carbon monoxide, carbon particulates and energy

Question 14

What does acid rain do

Answer 14

Contaminates water
Destroys plants and wildlife
Corrodes limestone

Question 15

Equation for acid rain

Answer 15

Sulphur dioxide + water -> sulphurous acid

So2 + H2O -> H2SO3

Question 16

What is cracking

Answer 16

The process of separating different hydrocarbons into different sizes for different uses

Question 17

Properties of alkane

Answer 17

• saturated
• single bond
• keeps bromine water orange

Question 18

Properties of alkene

Answer 18

• keen to react
• unsaturated
• de colourises bromine water

Question 19

How are hydrocarbons broken down

Answer 19

Heat and a catalyst will break down the hydrocarbon into a alkane and a double bond alkene

Question 20

What did the earths early atmosphere contain

Answer 20

Covered in volcanos
Main gases are carbon dioxide and water vapour
Small amounts of ammonia, methane and nitrogen
No oxygen

Question 21

What does the earth atmosphere contain now

Answer 21

Mostly oceans on surface
Main gases are now nitrogen, oxygen
Small amount of carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 22

Advantages to hydrogen fuel

Answer 22

Affordable
Clean
Renewable
Safe
Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
Only waste product is water

Question 23

Advantages to petrol as fuel

Answer 23

Affordable
Easy to transport
Available
Safe

Question 24

Evidence for global warming

Answer 24

Ice core data
Lab experiments
Nasa satellites - infrared photos to see what light is giving off
Water and temp records

Question 25

How climate change shaped the earth

Answer 25

Main gases in early atmosphere were carbon dioxide and water vapour
The carbon dioxide and water vapour then dissolved into the oceans as the earth cooled
Plants evolved and made oxygen which allowed animals to evolve

Question 26

Things that accelerate climate change

Answer 26

Coal power stations
Deforestation
Increasing population and demand for resources

Question 27

Things that decelerate climate change

Answer 27

Saving energy
Planting trees for more photosynthesis
Improving electric cars
Investing in renewable energy