Fuels And Earth Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only
What is crude oil
A complex mixture of hydrocarbons containing molecules in which carbon atoms are in chains or rings.
Its also a important source of useful substances such as fuels
Fraction 1
Gases - used in domestic heating and cooking
Fraction 2
Petrol - used as car fuel
Fraction 3
Kerosene - used as aircraft fuel
Fraction 4
Diesel oil - used as fuel for cars and trains
Fraction 5
Fuel oil - used as fuel for ships and power stations
Fraction 6
Bitumen - used to surface roofs and roads
How do hydrocarbons differ from each other
They all have a different ;
- number of carbon and hydrogen atoms
- boiling points
- ease of ignotion
- viscosity (how fast a liquid is able to flow)
What is the homologous series
A series of compounds which…
- similar chemical properties
- same general formula
- differ by CH2 in molecular formulae from neighbouring compounds
- gradual variation in physical properties like boiling points
Complete combustion equation
Hydrogen + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + (energy)
When does incomplete combustion happen
When there is a limited supply of oxygen.
What is made from incomplete combustion
Water, carbon monoxide, carbon particulates and energy
What does acid rain do
Contaminates water
Destroys plants and wildlife
Corrodes limestone
Equation for acid rain
Sulphur dioxide + water -> sulphurous acid
So2 + H2O -> H2SO3
What is cracking
The process of separating different hydrocarbons into different sizes for different uses
Properties of alkane
- saturated
- single bond
- keeps bromine water orange
Properties of alkene
- keen to react
- unsaturated
- de colourises bromine water
How are hydrocarbons broken down
Heat and a catalyst will break down the hydrocarbon into a alkane and a double bond alkene
What did the earths early atmosphere contain
Covered in volcanos
Main gases are carbon dioxide and water vapour
Small amounts of ammonia, methane and nitrogen
No oxygen
What does the earth atmosphere contain now
Mostly oceans on surface
Main gases are now nitrogen, oxygen
Small amount of carbon dioxide and water vapour
Advantages to hydrogen fuel
Affordable Clean Renewable Safe Reduces dependence on fossil fuels Only waste product is water
Advantages to petrol as fuel
Affordable
Easy to transport
Available
Safe
Evidence for global warming
Ice core data
Lab experiments
Nasa satellites - infrared photos to see what light is giving off
Water and temp records
