Key Concepts Flashcards
What are your NORMS, VALUES and CULTURE
NORM - Normal behaviour or action.
VALUE - Ideas and beliefs that you have about what is desirable or worth working for.
CULTURE - The shared way of life in a society or a group of people within a society.
What is an ACHIEVED and an ASCRIBED STATUS
ACHIEVED STATUS - A status you have through hard work and earning that position yourself.
ASCRIBED STATUS - A status you are born into and don’t have to work for, e.g. the royal family.
What is THE AMERICAN DREAM
Focuses on ascribed status.
The belief that everyone can achieve what they want to and everyone can make their own choices - no matter their class.
What is PRIMARY and SECONDARY SOCIALISATION
PRIMARY SOCIALISATION - The socialisation (norms and values) you typically learn at age 0-4 yrs from your family or guardians.
SECONDARY SOCIALISATION - The socialisation (norms and values) you learn 4+ yrs from teachers and friends.
What are NATURE and NURTURE
They are sociological debates.
NATURE - This theory suggests that the behaviour/characteristics of an individual are due to genetics.
NURTURE - This theory suggests that the behaviour/characteristics of an individual are affected and due to their socialisation, childhood/life experiences and surroundings.
This is the approach sociologists take.
What is a FERAL CHILD and an EXAMPLE of one
FERAL CHILD - A child who has developed and been socialised in the wild, outside of human society.
EXAMPLE - Wild Peter, a child who ate raw birds and vegetables, also acted like a caged animal on all fours.
What is SOCIAL LEARNING and THE BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT
SOCIAL LEARNING - Behaviour learnt and imitated from typically parents, guardians or people around you.
THE BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT - Groups of children saw videos of their parents in different situations, either abusing a bobo doll or being kind to it, and in most instances the children copied their parents actions when put on that same situation.
What is CULTURAL DIVERSITY
A wide variety of cultures in a society.
What is a SUBCULTURE
A group within society with different norms and values to others.
E.g. gypsies, chavs, gangs.
What are the FOUR FACTORS of GENDER SOCIALISATION
MANIPULATION - The encouragement of behaviour that is seen as normal and the discouragement of abnormal to that sex.
DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES - Promoting stereotypical activities on a certain sex, e.g. girls and housework, boys and football.
CANALISATION - The channelling of certain toys to a sex.
VERBAL APPELLATIONS - Using certain words/phrases to a specific sex, e.g. sweetie, mate.
What is FORMAL and INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL - Rules you legally have to follow.
INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL - Rules that you don’t legally have to follow but are socially expected to.
What is a SANCTION
Either a positive or negative consequence, for example a promotion would be a positive sanction whilst being fired would be a negative sanction.
What do MICRO and MACRO mean
MICRO - To study on a smaller scale, more individual details.
MACRO - To study on a bigger scale/picture, can be put into statistics.
What do CONFLICT and CONSENSUS mean
CONFLICT - Parts of society that work against each other.
CONSENSUS - Parts of society that work well together.
What is FUNCTIONALISM
A consensus theory (macro) that suggests all members of society have the same norms and values.
Focuses on the Organic Analogy which argues that society is like a human body - just as all organs rely on each other to work, so do all of the institutions of society.
