Key Concepts Flashcards
what are eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant cells.
They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus(containing DNA)
What are prokaryotic cells?
Bacterial Cells.
They have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and a singular strand of DNA
What is the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell
eukaryotic contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. a prokaryotic does not.
what is a cytoplasm
a liquid substance where chemical reactions occur.
(contains enzymes)
what is a cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
what is mitochondria
where aerobic respirations occur, providing energy for the cell.
what are ribosomes
where protein synthesis occurs.
what is a chloroplast
where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant.
what is a permanent vacuole
found within a cytoplasm, contains cell sap, improves cell rigidity
what is a cell wall?
made from cellulose. provides strength to the cell
what is a plasmid
small rings of DNA
what is flagella
long and thin tails that bacteria have to move
what do carbohydrases do
convert carbohydrates into simple sugars.
what do proteases do
convert protein into amino acids.
what do lipases do
convert fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
what is diffusion
net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentrarion.
what is osmosis
movement of water from a high water concentration to a low concentration of water through a partially permeable membrane.
what is active transport
movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to a high concentration. (uses energy)
what is an enzyme
a biological catalyst.
speeds up reactions
what is the active site of an enzyme
where the substrate molecule binds to the enzyme and the reaction takes place
what type of molecules are proteins and carbs
polymers
