Genetics Flashcards
what are products of sexual reproduction
gametes, produced my meiosis
what are gametes
Sex cells (sperm,egg)
haploid (23 chromosomes)
what is meiosis
form of cell division
chromosome number is halved
involves two divisions
4 daughter cells
what is DNA’s structure
double helix shape
made from double stranded polymer of nucleotides
what do nucleotides contain
Phosphate
Sugar
Base
what are DNA nucleotides made up of?
Sugar
Phosphate group
1 of 4 bases (A,T,C,G)
define genome
genetic material of an organism
define gene
a section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids which become a protein
what is a mutation
random change in the base sequence of DNA which results in genetic variants
what are alleles
different variations of the same gene
what is a genotype
an organisms genetic composition
define homozygous
2 identical alleles of a gene
e.g FF or ff
define heterozygous
two different alleles of a gene
e.g Ff
what are sex chromosomes
Male - XY
Female- XX
what are two causes of variation within a species
-Genetics
-Environment
