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chemistry > key concepts > Flashcards

key concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

john d’alton model

A

all matter is amde from atomsthat cannot be split

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2
Q

thmas plum puddiing model

A

a postively charged dough mixed in with the negatively charged electrons in the dough

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3
Q

what sub atomic particledid thomas find

A

electrons

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4
Q

rutherfords nuclear model

A

alpha particles could bounce of atoms . the mass was found in the nucleaus and the postively charged sub atomic particles were called protons

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5
Q

the modern model

A

alectrons orbit the the nucleus

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6
Q

what sub atomic molecule did james chadiwick discover

A

the neutrons who have no charge

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7
Q

3 or more different elements that combine ionically end with an

A

ate

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8
Q

2 different elements that combine ionically end with an

A

ide

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9
Q

what ionic lattices

A

giant structures that are held together by elostractic forces (ionic bond)between the postive and negatitive ions

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10
Q

which diatomic molecule has a triple covalent bodn

A

nitrogen

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11
Q

what are ionic bond

A

the strong electrostatic froces inovlved in ionci structures

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12
Q

prperties of ionic compound

A
  • high melting and boiling points

- don’t conduct electricty in a solid only in a molten

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13
Q

why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

A

as to break the electrostatic forces in the ionic compounds there is more heat energy required

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14
Q

why can’t ionic copounds conduct electricity in a solid

A

when the elctrons are in a solid fixed place in a lattice they can’t move meaning charges can’t flow so can’t conduct electricty

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15
Q

why can ionic compounds conduct ekectricity in a liquid

A

when elctrons are molten (melted ) they are not in a fixed postion so they can flow and they can codnuct electricty

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16
Q

what a re small covalent compounds held together by

A

intramolecular forces which are covalent bonds

17
Q

what are the properties of small covalent compounds

A

low melting and boiling point
liquid or gase at room tempreature
can’t conduct electricty

18
Q

why do small covalent compounds have a low melting and boiling point

A

as there intramolecular forces are quite weak so less force is required to break the forces down to become a liquid

19
Q

why can’t small covalent bodns conduct electricty

A

they don’t contai delocalised electrons

20
Q

what is an example of a smal covalent sompound

A

chlroine

21
Q

what are the properties of a giant covalentmolceule compound

A

high melting and boiling point , don’t conduct ekectricty

22
Q

why do giant covalent molecules have a high meltingpoint

A

strong covaent bonds between them so there is a higher energy required to break those bonds

23
Q

what isn’t between the giant covalent compounds

A

intermolecular forces

24
Q

why do giant covalent compounds don’t have intermolecular forces between them

A

because there is only one molecule

25
Q

what are the four allotropes fo carbon

A

Fullerenes
Diamond
Graphite
Graphene

26
Q

properties of diamond

A

-hard
condesn’t conduct electricty
each diamond is bonded to four toher caron bond
high melting point

27
Q

why is diamond hard

A

because it has strong covalent bonds

28
Q

why doesn’t diamond conduct electricty

A

they are no delocoalised electrons in the diamond structure

29
Q

why does diamond have a high melting point

A

because a lot f energy is needed to break of the covalent bonds

30
Q

properties of grpahite

A

each one graphite is bonded to 3 other carbons
soft]
conducts electricty

31
Q

why is graphite soft

A

weak intermolecular forces keep the graphite layers toegtehr so layers can slide over each other

32
Q

why does graphite conduct ekectricty

A

as there is one delcolasised electron for every carbon . the electron can move freely

33
Q

Properties of cylindrical fullerenes

A

small diamter , conducts electricty strobg

34
Q

what is the sepration techinque mixture of insoluble solid and liquid

A

Filtration

35
Q

what is the seperation technique mixture of soluble solid and liquid (solution)

A

Crystallisation

36
Q

what is the seperation technique for mixture of liquids

A

Simple distillation or Fractional distillation

37
Q

what is the seperation techniue for mixture of dissolved solids

A

Chromatography

chemistry (8 decks)

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