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chemistry > c8 > Flashcards

c8 Flashcards

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1
Q

how close are the particles in a solid

A

very close

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2
Q

how close are the particles are in a liquid

A

they are close but not as close as a liquid

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3
Q

how close are the particles in a gas

A

far apart

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4
Q

what is the particle arrangement in a solid

A

regular pattern

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5
Q

what is the pattern arrangement in a liquid

A

radomly arranged

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6
Q

what is the particle arrangement in a gas

A

radomly arranged

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7
Q

whta is the movement of particles in a solid

A

vibrated around a fixed positions

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8
Q

what is the movement of particles in a liquid

A

they move around each other

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9
Q

what is the movement of particles in a gas

A

move quickly in all directions

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10
Q

what is the energy of particles in a solid

A

low energy

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11
Q

what is the ernergy of particles in a liquid

A

greater energy

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12
Q

what os the ernergy of particles in a gas

A

highest enrgy

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13
Q

what can flow from place to place

A

liquids and gasses

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14
Q

what cab be easily compressed

A

gases

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15
Q

what is the change from a solid to a liquid

A

melting

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16
Q

what is the changing from a liquid back to a solid called

A

freexing

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17
Q

what is a changing from a liquid to a gas

A

evaporation

18
Q

what is a changing from a gas to a liquid

A

condensing

19
Q

what is the changing from a solid to a gas called

A

sublimation

20
Q

what do you use to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

A

filtration

21
Q

what do you use to separate a soluble solid from its solution

A

you evaporate it

22
Q

how do you separte two liquids

A

distiliation

23
Q

what equipement is used to set up iltration

A

a beaker full of the liquid
another beaker full of the solution
filter paper
filter tunnel

24
Q

what equipement do you use for evaporation

A

busen burner
tripod stand
evaporating basin
wire guaze

25
Q

how do you otain the cyrstaks after eveporating the solution

A

you can filter it out

26
Q

what do you do for simple sisitlation

A

put your solution into a cocnical flask
then because the liquids hav a different boilings points you boil the solution and the soloution with the lowest boiling puoint will come out through the condenser added with cold water the liquid will condense down and will be put intot the beaker

27
Q

what is the rf value equation

A

distance moved by the compound / distance moved by the solvent

28
Q

what does the rf value show

A

how soluable a particular substance is in a solvent

29
Q

what is a pure substance

A

n chemistry a pure substance may consist of a single element or compound which contains no other substance.

30
Q

what is a mixtuure

A

A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, they are not chemically combined.

31
Q

what is the boiling and melting point like of a pure substance

A

Pure substances melt and boil at specific and sharp temperatures

32
Q

what s the melting and boiling point of a mizture

A

Mixtures have a range of melting and boiling points as they consist of different substances that melt or boil at different temperatures

33
Q

how do figure out the melting point of a spefic subtrsnace

A

This is done using a melting point apparatus which allows you to slowly heat up a small amount of the sample, making it easier to observe the exact melting point.
This is then compared to data tables.

34
Q

what is simple disilation the r=prtaical explained

A

Used to separate a liquid and soluble solid from a solution (e.g. water from a solution of salt water) or a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids.
The solution is heated and pure water evaporates producing a vapour which rises through the neck of the round-bottomed flask.
The vapour passes through the condenser, where it cools and condenses, turning into pure liquid H2O that is collected in a beaker.
After all the water is evaporated from the solution, only the solid solute will be left behind.

35
Q

what is fractional distaltion explained

A

Used to separate two or more liquids that are miscible with one another (e.g. ethanol and water from a mixture of the two).
The solution is heated to the temperature of the substance with the lowest boiling point.
This substance will rise and evaporate first, and vapours will pass through a condenser, where they cool and condense, turning into a liquid that will be collected in a beaker.
All of the substance is evaporated and collected, leaving behind the other components(s) of the mixture.
For water and ethanol: ethanol has a boiling point of 78 ºC and water of 100 ºC. The mixture is heated until it reaches 78 ºC, at which point the ethanol boils and distills out of the mixture and condenses into the beaker.
When the temperature starts to increase to 100 ºC heating should be stopped. Water and ethanol are now separated.

36
Q

what is the practical for paper chromatography

A

his technique is used to separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent (e.g. different coloured inks that have been mixed to make black ink).
It is also used to identify unknown substances.
A pencil line is drawn on chromatography paper and spots of the sample are placed on it. Pencil is used for this as ink would run into the chromatogram along with the samples.
The paper is then lowered into the solvent container, making sure that the pencil line sits above the level of the solvent so the samples don ́t wash into the solvent container.
The solvent travels up the paper by capillary action, taking some of the coloured substances with it.
Different substances have different solubilities so will travel at different rates, causing the substances to spread apart. Those substances with higher solubility will travel further than the others.

37
Q

how do you make potable water

A

filtration
sedimentation
chlroination

38
Q

what does untreated water have

A

soluble and insouluble impurites and microbes

39
Q

hwo do you filter paper

A

you pass the mixture adn this leaves insoulble particles on the filter paper as residue

40
Q

how do you sedemnt water

A

large insoluble particles sink to the bottom of a tank and iron sulfate is sometimes added to help fine particles clump together

41
Q

how do you chlroinate water

A

to kill of any dead microrganisms

42
Q

how can you make sea water potable

A

use simple didilation

chemistry (8 decks)

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