key CNS structure and neuroanatomy

Question 1

what are the components of the CNS?

Answer 1

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord.

Question 2

divisions of the brainstem?

Answer 2

medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 3

divisions of the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

Question 4

primary motor cortex function?

Answer 4

movement execution

Question 5

premotor cortex function?

Answer 5

motor planning

Question 6

supplementary motor cortex function?

Answer 6

supports motor planning

Question 7

brocas area function?

Answer 7

motor production of speech

Question 8

prefrontal cortex function?

Answer 8

excecutive function (reasoning, judgement, planning and organisation)

Question 9

frontal lobe function?

Answer 9

social behaviours and motor function

Question 10

parietal lobe function?

Answer 10

Responsible primarily for sensation and perception

Question 11

Primary somatosensory cortex function?

Answer 11

receipt of tactile and proprioceptive information

Question 12

Somatosensory association cortex function?

Answer 12

interpretation of sensory information

Question 13

Wernicke’s area function?

Answer 13

speech comprehension

Question 14

occipital lobe function?

Answer 14

visual processing

Question 15

Primary visual cortex function?

Answer 15

Receipt of visual information; distinguishing intensity of light/ object shape/size/location

Question 16

Visual association cortex function?

Answer 16

interpretation of visual information

Question 17

temporal lobe function?

Answer 17

hearing and language

Question 18

Primary auditory cortex function?

Answer 18

receipt of auditory information

Question 19

Associative auditory cortex function?

Answer 19

interpretation of auditory information

Question 20

insula functions?

Answer 20

o	Gustation (taste)
o	Sensation of viscera (i.e. organs)
o	Autonomic functions
o	Homeostatic functions

Question 21

corpus callosum function?

Answer 21

connects left and right hemispheres

Question 22

Diencephalon parts?

Answer 22

consists of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and sub-thalamus.

Question 23

thalamus functions?

Answer 23

• Information relayed from different parts of the CNS to the cerebral cortex
• Processing of emotions and some memory
• Integration of visual information and touch
• Regulation of consciousness, arousal and attention

Question 24

hypothalamus function?

Answer 24

o	Body temperature
o	Metabolism
o	Blood pressure
o	Water intake and excretion
o	Digestion (hunger)
o	Reproduction
o	Defensive behaviours
o	Expression of emotions including pleasure, fear, rage and aversion
o	Circadian rhythms
o	Growth

Question 25

amygdala function?

Answer 25

Emotional responses specially to fear

Question 26

hippocampus function?

Answer 26

Memory formation (Initial storage for long–term memory)

Question 27

Cingulate gyrus/cortex function?

Answer 27

regulation of emotions and pain – emotional processing, empathy and