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cardiovascular and lymphatic system > key clinical terms > Flashcards

key clinical terms Flashcards

1
Q

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery,
caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

A

ANEURYSM

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2
Q

A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to
the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by
insufficient blood supply to the heart

A

ANGINA PECTORIS

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3
Q

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally
“without rhythm”; note doubled r). Also called dysrhythmia.

A

ARRYTHMIA

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4
Q

The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of
arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel
wall.

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

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5
Q

A slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute

A

BRADYCARDIA

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6
Q

Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow.
Causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage
from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke.

A

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

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7
Q

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of
the soft tissue around the nailS

A

CLUBBING

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8
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

A

CYANOSIS

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9
Q

Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

A

DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

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10
Q

Profuse sweating

A

DIAPHORESIS

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11
Q

An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates
the layers. Usually involves the aorta

A

DISSECTING ANEURYSM

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12
Q

Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in development
of atherosclerosis.

A

DYSLIPIDEMIA

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13
Q

Difficult or labored breathing

A

DYSPNEA

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14
Q

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid.
Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation,
and malnutrition.

A

EDEMA

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15
Q

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried
in the circulati

A

EMBOLISM

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16
Q

A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but may also
be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside
the body.

A

EMBOLUS

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17
Q

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers,
as in the atria or the ventricles

A

FIBRILLATION

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18
Q

An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in
arrhythmia

A

HEART BLOCK

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19
Q

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate
circulation of blood

A

HEART FAILURE

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20
Q

A varicose vein in the rectum

A

HEMORRHOID

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21
Q

A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure.

A

HYPERTENSION

22
Q

An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a blockage
or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

A

INFARCT

23
Q

Local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circulation
(root hem/o)

A

ISCHEMIA

24
Q

An abnormal heart sound

A

MURMUR

25
Q

Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from
blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area.

A

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

26
Q

A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

A

OCCLUSION

27
Q

Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus arteriosus
is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta
in the fetus to bypass the lungs.

A

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

28
Q

Inflammation of a vein

A

PHLEBITIS

29
Q

A patch. With regard to the cardiovascular system, a deposit of fatty
material and other substances on a vessel wall that impedes blood
flow and may block the vessel.

A

PLAQUE

30
Q

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus

A

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

31
Q

Circulatory failure resulting in inadequate supply of blood to the
heart.

A

SHOCK

32
Q

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

A

STENOSIS

33
Q

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow
to the brain; fainting

A

SYNCOPE

34
Q

An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 beats per minute

A

TACHYCARDIA

35
Q

Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot

A

THROMBOPHLEBITIS

36
Q

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

A

THROMBOSIS

37
Q

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel (root thromb/o)

A

THROMBUS

38
Q

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves,
pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel

A

VARICOSE VEIN

39
Q

A procedure that reopens a narrowed vessel and restores blood flow.
Commonly accomplished by surgically removing plaque, inflating a
balloon within the vessel, or installing a device (stent) to keep the
vessel open.

A

ANGIOPLASTY

40
Q

A battery-operated device that generates electrical impulses to regulate
the beating of the heart. It may be external or implanted, may be
designed to respond to need, and may have the capacity to prevent
tachycardia

A

ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER

41
Q

Correction of an abnormal cardiac rhythm. May be accomplished
pharmacologically, with antiarrhythmic drugs, or by application of
electric current

A

CARDIOVERSION

42
Q

Radiographic study of the coronary arteries after introduction of an
opaque dye by means of a catheter

A

CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY

43
Q

Surgical creation of a shunt to bypass a blocked coronary artery. The
aorta is connected to a point past the obstruction with another vessel
or a piece of another vessel, usually the saphenous vein of the leg or the left internal mammary artery

A

CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG)

44
Q

Use of an electronic device to stop fibrillation by delivering a brief electric shock to the heart

A

DEFIBRILLATION

45
Q

A noninvasive method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal
cardiac structures

A

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG)

46
Q

Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes
(leads) placed on the surface of the body.

A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (EKG)

47
Q

A compound of protein with lipid

A

LIPOPROTEIN

48
Q

Dilatation of a sclerotic blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter
inserted into the vessel and then inflated to flatten plaque against the
artery wall

A

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY (PTCA)

49
Q

Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue

A

LYMPHOMA

50
Q

Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

A

LYMPHADENITIS

51
Q

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection. Appears
as painful red streaks under the skin.

A

LYMPHANGIITIS

52
Q

Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of
lymphatic vessels

A

LYMPHEDEMA

cardiovascular and lymphatic system (4 decks)

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