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Boards High Yield > Key Associations Part 1 > Flashcards

Key Associations Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

tertiary syphilis (syphilic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wenicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (Hb S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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26
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

27
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

28
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)

29
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

30
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

31
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

32
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

33
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

34
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

35
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Iatrogenic cushing (corticosteroid therapy), adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma, Paraneoplastic cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

36
Q

Cyanosis (early, less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

37
Q

Cyanosis (late, more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

38
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

39
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

40
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

41
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

42
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

43
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

44
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

45
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

46
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

47
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus, B cereus

48
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

49
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

50
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

51
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

52
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

53
Q

Hematoma–epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

54
Q

Hematoma–subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

55
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes”, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

56
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with Hep B and C and with alcoholism)

57
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

58
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

59
Q

HLA B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

60
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

61
Q

hypertrophic peyers patches

A

Intussuception

62
Q

Physical examination reveals bounding femoral pulses and carotid pulsations that are accompanied by head bobbing. +/- murmur. whats the dx?

A

aortic regurg

The inability of aortic valve leaflets to effectively close during diastole leads to regurgitation of blood back into the left ventricular (LV) cavity with an increase in LV end-diastolic volume and wall stress. The resultant chamber enlargement and eccentric hypertrophy increase total stroke volume, which is often felt as a sense of pounding or an uncomfortable feeling of heartbeat (especially when lying on the left side).

63
Q

Clozapine causes what famous AE

A

agranulocytosis​

64
Q
A

Boards High Yield (28 decks)

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