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First Aid Rapid Review > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Associated with

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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2
Q

Associated with

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer

High ICP –> Vagal gastric secretion

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3
Q

Associated with

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns

A

Cushing’s ulcer

Reduced plasma volume–>Sloughing of gastric mucosa

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4
Q

Associated with

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)

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5
Q

Associated with

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Associated with

Aortic aneurysm: Abdominal and Descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Associated with

Aortic aneurysm: Arch

A 
Tertiary syphillis (syphilitic aortitis)
  -->Vaso vasorum destruction
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8
Q

Associated with

Aortic aneurysm: Ascending

A

Marfan’s Syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Associated with

Atrophy of the mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Thiamine deficiency–>Ataxia, opthalmoplegia, confusion

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10
Q

Associated with

Autosplenectomy (Fibrosis & Shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (Hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Associated with

Bacteria associated w/ gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H.pylori

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12
Q

Associated with

Bacterial meningitis (Adults and Elderly)

A

Strep Pneumoniae

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13
Q

Associated with

Bacterial menigitis (Newborns and Kids)

A

Group B Strep (Newborns)

S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Associated with

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (Most common in first two decades)

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15
Q

Associated with

Bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

Defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor

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16
Q

Associated with

Brain tumor (Adults)

A

Supratentorial:

Metastasis
> Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma multiforme)
>Meningioma
>Schwannoma

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17
Q

Associated with

Brain tumor (Kids)

Infratentorial?
Supratentorial?

A

Infratentorial: Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma (Cerebrum)

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18
Q

Associated with

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

In the U.S., 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer

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19
Q

Associated with

Breast mass (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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20
Q

Associated with

Cardiac primary tumor (Kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma

Often seen in Tuberous sclerosis

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21
Q

Associated with

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

NON-bacterial, affecting BOTH SIDES of MITRAL valve

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22
Q

Associated with

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis
Primary Myxoma
(4:1 L atrium to R atrium
“Ball & valve”)

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23
Q

Associated with

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A 
Chiari malformation
(Often presents w/ progressive
   HYDROCEPHALUS
or
   SYRINGIOMYELIA)
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24
Q

Associated with

Chronic arrythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (High risk of emboli)

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25
Q

Associated with

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric cancer

Can cause Pernicious anemia

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26
Q

Associated with

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES (Diethylstilbestrol) exposure in utero

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27
Q

Associated with

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis

Type I: Postmenopausal women

Type II: Elderly

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28
Q

Associated with

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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29
Q

Associated with

Congenital cardiac anamoly

A

VSD

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30
Q

Associated with

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

“Black liver”

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

hepatocytes can’t secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile

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31
Q

Associated with

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Tuberculosis (developing world)

SLE (developed world)

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32
Q

Associated with

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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33
Q

Associated with

Cretinism (Severely stunted growth)

A

Iodine deficit/Hypothyroidism

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34
Q

Associated with

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Iatrogenic cushing’s = Corticosteroid therapy

Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes Cortisol)

ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma

Paraneoplastic cushing’s (ACTH secretion by tumors)

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35
Q

Associated with

Cyanosis (early after birth; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (PROVe)

Transposition of great vessels

Truncus arteriosis

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36
Q

Associated with

Cyanosis (late after birth; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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37
Q

Associated with

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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38
Q

Associated with

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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39
Q

Associated with

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

Multiple infarcts

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40
Q

Associated with

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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41
Q

Associated with

DIC

A 
Severe sepsis
Obstetric complications
Cancer
Burns
Trauma
Major surgery
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42
Q

Associated with

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

  • ->MICROcytic, HYPOchromic anemia
    • ->Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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43
Q

Associated with

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

Diagnosed by barium swallow

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44
Q

Associated with

Ejection click

A

Aurtic/pulmonic stenosis

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45
Q

Associated with

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (Worldwide)

Adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

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46
Q

Associated with

Food poisoning (endotoxin-mediated)

A

S. Aureus

B. Cereus

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47
Q

Associated with

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

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48
Q

Associated with

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (U.S.)

Cervical carcinoma (Worldwide)

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49
Q

Associated with

Heart murmur, congenital

A

MITRAL valve prolapse

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50
Q

Associated with

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral

> Aortic (rheumatic fever)

> Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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51
Q

Associated with

Helminth infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Ascaris lumbricoides

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52
Q

Associated with

Hematoma: Epidural

A

Middle Meningeal Artery rupture
Lentiform/Banana
Lucid interval
Trauma

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53
Q

Associated with

Hematoma: Subdural

A

Bridging Veins rupture

Crescent

54
Q

Associated with

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple drug transfusions

Hereditary HFE mutation

Can result:
CHF
“Bronze diabetes”
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

55
Q

Associated with

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand’s disease

56
Q

Associated with

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

Benign, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

57
Q

Associated with

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter’s syndrome
UC: Ulcerative colitis
Psoriasis

58
Q

Associated with

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus Type 1
RA
SLE

59
Q

Associated with

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation

60
Q

Associated with

Hypercoagulability
Endothelial damage
Blood stasis

A

Virchow’s triad (–>Venous thrombosis)

61
Q

Associated with

HyPERtension, secondary

A

Renal disease

62
Q

Associated with

HyPOparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

63
Q

Associated with

HyPOpituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign)

64
Q

Associated with

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

65
Q

Associated with

Infective agents in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Catalase + organisms:
Staph aureus
E. coli
Aspergillus

66
Q

Associated with

Kidney stones

A

Calcium = radiOPAQUE

Struvite (Ammonium) = radiOPAQUE
formed by urease positive organisms
Proteus vulgaris
Staphylococcus

Uric acid = radioLUCENT

67
Q

Associated with

Late cyanotic shunt

Uncorrected L–>R becomes R–>L

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

Cause by ASD, VSD, PDA
Results in:
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION &
POLYCYTHEMIA

68
Q

Associated with

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

69
Q

Associated with

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher’s

70
Q

Associated with

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

71
Q

Associated with

Malignancy associated w/ NONinfectious fever

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

72
Q

Associated with

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

73
Q

Associated with

Mental retardation

A

Down Syndrome

Fragile X

74
Q

Associated with

Metastases from bone

A

Prostate, breast
> Lung
> Thyroid, testes

75
Q

Associated with

Metastases from brain

A 
Lung
>Breast
>Genitourinary
>Osteosarcoma
>Melanoma
>GI
76
Q

Associated with

Metastases from liver

A

Colon
» Stomach
> Pancreas

77
Q

Associated with

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males & females
Inherited through females only

Most mutations related to ETC

78
Q

Associated with

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

79
Q

Associated with

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

ALS

80
Q

Associated with

Myocarditis

A

Coxackie B

81
Q

Associated with

Nephrotic syndrome (Adults)

A

Focal segmental sclerosis

82
Q

Associated with

Nephrotic syndrome (Kids)

A

Minimal change disease

83
Q

Associated with

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome
(HyPOgonadotropic hyPOgonadism
& anosmia (can’t smell)

84
Q

Associated with

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella
E. coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

85
Q

Associated with

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

86
Q

Associated with

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

87
Q

Associated with

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

88
Q

Associated with

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

89
Q

Associated with

Osteomyelitis in Sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

90
Q

Associated with

Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas

S. Aureus

91
Q

Associated with

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor

Mucin-secreting SIGNET-RING cells

92
Q

Associated with

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

93
Q

Associated with

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

94
Q

Associated with

Pancreatitis (Acute)

A

Gallstones

Alcohol

95
Q

Associated with

Pancreatitis (Chronic)

A

Alcohol (Adults)

Cystic Fibrosis (Kids)

96
Q

Associated with

Patient demographic w:

ALL
CLL
AML
CML

A

ALL: Child

CLL: Adult >60

AML: Adult ~65

CML: Adult 30-60

97
Q

Associated with

PID: Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

98
Q

Associated with

Philadelphia chromosome (9;22) (brc-abl)

A

CML (Sometimes associated w/ ALL/AML)

99
Q

Associated with

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma

(Somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma)

100
Q

Associated with

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (XO)

101
Q

Associated with

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple Myeloma

102
Q

Associated with

Primary hyPERaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

103
Q

Associated with

Primary hyPERparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

104
Q

Associated with

Primary liver cancer

A 
Hepatocellular carcinoma
from:
Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Hemachromatosis
a1 antitrypsin deficiency
105
Q

Associated with

Pulmonary hypertension

A

COPD

106
Q

Associated with

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small or medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger’s disease

Strongly associated w/ TOBACCO

107
Q

Associated with

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma:
Associated w/ von Hippel-Lindau
& with cigarette smoking

Paraneoplastic syndromes created by renal cell carcinoma:
Erythropoietin
PTH
ACTH

108
Q

Associated with

R Heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

109
Q

Associated with

S3 (Protodiastolic gallop)

A

High ventricular filling

LV failure (CHF)
Mitral regurgitation
L–>R shunt

110
Q

Associated with

S4 (Presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle

Aortic stenosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy

111
Q

Associated with

Secondary HYPERparathyroidism

A

Caused by HyPOcalcemia of chronic kidney disease

112
Q

Associated with

Sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coinfected w/ gonorrhea)

113
Q

Associated with

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung (causes SIADH)

114
Q

Associated with

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

115
Q

Associated with

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta
> Coronary artery
> Popliteal artery
> Carotid artery

116
Q

Associated with

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

117
Q

Associated with

Stomach ulcerations & high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Gastrinoma of DUODENUM or PANCREAS

118
Q

Associated with

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas

bcl-2 activation

119
Q

Associated with

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

c-myc activation

120
Q

Associated with

t(9;22)

A

CML
Philadelphia chromosome
brc-able Tyrosine kinase

121
Q

Associated with

Temporal arteritis

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Risk of IPSILATERAL blindness
due to thrombosis of OPTHALMIC ARTERY

122
Q

Associated with

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma

123
Q

Associated with

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

124
Q

Associated with

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma

Estrogen-dependent; not precancerous

125
Q

Associated with

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma

usually regresses spontaneously by childhood

126
Q

Associated with

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (Adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

127
Q

Associated with

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (Kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

128
Q

Associated with

Type of Hodgkin’s

A

Nodular sclerosis

vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion

129
Q

Associated with

Type of non-Hodgkins

A

Diffuse Large Cell

130
Q

Associated with

UTI

A 
E.coli
Staph saprophyticus (young women)
131
Q

Associated with

Viral encephalitis affecting TEMPORAL LOBE

A

HSV-1

132
Q

Associated with

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

A

Folate

Pregnant women at high risk; body only stores 3-to-4-month supply; prevents NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

First Aid Rapid Review (4 decks)

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