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First Aid Rapid Review > Classic Lab Findings > Flashcards

Classic Lab Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Lab findings

  1. Anticentromere antibodies
A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Lab findings

  1. Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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3
Q

Lab findings

  1. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Lab findings

  1. Antihistone antibodies
A

Drug-induced SLE

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Phenytoin
Procainamide

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5
Q

Lab findings

  1. Anti-IgG antibodies
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Systemic inflammation; joint pannus; boutonniere deformity

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6
Q

Lab findings

  1. Antimitochondrial antibodies
A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Female, cholestasis, portal hypertension

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7
Q

Lab findings

  1. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A

Vasculitis

c-ANCA: Wegener’s granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

p-ANCA: Churg-Strauss microscopid polyangiitis

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8
Q

Lab findings

  1. Antinuclear antibodies

ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (Type 3 hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Lab findings

  1. Antiplatelet antibodies
A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Lab findings

  1. Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Lab findings

  1. Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A

Celiac disease

diarrhea, distension, weight loss

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12
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Apple core” lesion on abdominal xray
A

Colorectal cancer (L-sided)

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13
Q

Lab findings

  1. Azurophilic peroxidase-postiive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)

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14
Q

Lab findings

  1. Bacitracin response
A

Sensitive: Group A strep (strep pyogenes)

Resistant: Group B strep (strep agalactiae)

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15
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Bamboo spine” on xray
A

Anklylosing spondylitis

Chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27

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16
Q

Lab findings

  1. Basophilic nuclear remnants on RBC’s
A

Howell-Jolly bodies

due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen

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17
Q

Lab findings

  1. Basophilic stippling of RBC’s
A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Lab findings

  1. Bloody tap on LP
A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Boot shaped” heart on x-ray
A

Tetralogy of Fallot

RV Hypertrophy

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20
Q

Lab findings

  1. Branching gram-positive rods w/ sulfur granules
A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Lab findings

  1. Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A

Pancoast tumor

can supress sympathetic ganglion–>Horner’s

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22
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Brown” tumor of bone
A

Hyperparathyroidism, or

Osteitis Fibrosis Cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage)

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23
Q

Lab findings

  1. Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
A

Chagas’ disease

Trypanosoma cruzi

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24
Q

Lab findings

  1. Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
A

Rapidly progressing crescentic glomerulonephrItis

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25
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Chocolate cyst” of ovary
A

Endometriosis

Frequently involves both ovaries

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26
Q

Lab findings

  1. Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
A

Homer-Wright rosettes

Neuroblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Retinoblastoma

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27
Q

Lab findings

  1. Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
A

Cystic Fibrosis

(Autosomal RECESSIVE mutation: CTFR

  • ->Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency
  • ->Mucous plugs)
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28
Q

Lab findings

  1. Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
A

Down syndrome

or other chromosomal abnormality

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29
Q

Lab findings

  1. Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphillis)

–>Subacute combined degeneration
dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tract affected

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30
Q

Lab findings

  1. Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
A

Parkinson’s disease

Basal ganglia disorder: Rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

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31
Q

Lab findings

  1. Desquamanated epithelium casts in sputum
A

Curschmann’s spirals

Bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs

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32
Q

Lab findings

  1. Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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33
Q

Lab findings

  1. Dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
A

Koilocytes (HPV: Predisposes to cervical cancer)

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34
Q

Lab findings

  1. Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
A

“Owl’s eye” appearance of CMV

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35
Q

Lab findings

  1. Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei
A

“Orphan Annie’s eyes” nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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36
Q

Lab findings

  1. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the LIVER cell
A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

Lab findings

  1. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in NERVE cell
A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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38
Q

Lab findings

  1. Eosinophilic globule in LIVER
A

Councilman body

Toxic or viral hepatitis; often yellow fever

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39
Q

Lab findings

  1. Eosinophiic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
A

Negri bodies of rabies

Lyssavirus

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40
Q

Lab findings

  1. Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter in brain
A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s)

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41
Q

Lab findings

  1. Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)
A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

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42
Q

Lab findings

  1. Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
A

Schiller-Duval bodies

Yolk sac tumor

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43
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
A

Marrow expansion:

B-thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia

44
Q

Lab findings

  1. hCG elevated
A 
Choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole (w/ and w/out embryo)
45
Q

Lab findings

  1. Heart modules (granulomatous)
A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Lab findings

  1. Heterophile antibodies
A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Lab findings

  1. Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
A

Bronchial asthma

Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules

48
Q

Lab findings

  1. High level of D-dimers
A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

49
Q

Lab findings

  1. Hilar lymphadenopathy; peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
A

Ghon complex

primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli

50
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT
A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

Lab findings

  1. Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVT’s and vasculitis)
A

Trousseau’s syndrome

Pancreas or Lung adenocarcinoma

52
Q

Lab findings

  1. Hypersegmented neutrophils
A

Megaloblastic anemia

If B12 deficiency: Neuro sx

If Folate deficiency: No neuro sx

53
Q

Lab findings

  1. Hypertension, hyPOkalemia metabolic ALKAlosis
A

Conn’s syndrome

Aldosterone-producing adenoma

54
Q

Lab findings

  1. Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
A

Iron deficiency anemia

Lead poisoning

Thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

55
Q

Lab findings

  1. Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
A

Dating error

Anencephaly

Spina bifida (neural tube defects)

56
Q

Lab findings

  1. Increased uric acid levels
A

Gout
Lesch Nyhan
Tumor lysis syndrome
Diuretics: Loop & Thiazide

57
Q

Lab findings

  1. Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
A

Cowdry type A bodies

HSV or CMV

58
Q

Lab findings

  1. Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
A

Ferruginous bodies

Asbestos–> Mesothelioma risk

59
Q

Lab findings

  1. Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

Lab findings

  1. Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
A

Chediak Higashi disease

congenital failure of phagolysosome formation

61
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema xray
A

UC (loss of haustra)

62
Q

Lab findings

  1. Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

63
Q

Lab findings

  1. Low serum ceruloplasmin
A

Wilson’s disease

Hepatolenticular degeneration

64
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

IgG and C3b immune complex deposition

65
Q

Lab findings

  1. Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on xray
A

Multiple myeloma

66
Q

Lab findings

  1. Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst
A

FibroCystic change of the breast

67
Q

Lab findings

  1. Monoclonal antibody spike
A

Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)

MGUS: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (normal consequence of aging)

Waldenstrom’s (M Protein = IgM) macroglobinemia

Primary amyloidosis

68
Q

Lab findings

  1. Mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
A

Signet ring = Gastric carcinoma

69
Q

Lab findings

  1. Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
A

“String sign” (Chrohn’s disease)

70
Q

Lab findings

  1. Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) AND

Necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (+ c-ANCA)

or

Goodpasture’s (anti-basement membrane Ab’s)

71
Q

Lab findings

  1. Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

72
Q

Lab findings

  1. Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

diabetic nephropathy

73
Q

Lab findings

  1. Novobiocin response
A

Sensitive: Staph EPIdermis

Resistant: Staph SAPROphyticus

74
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Nutmeg” appearance of liver
A

Chronic passive congestion of liver

from RIGHT heart failure

75
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Onion skin” periosteal reaction
A

Ewing’s sarcoma

malignant round-cell tumor

76
Q

Lab findings

  1. Optochin response
A

Sensitive: Strep Pneumoniae

Resistant: Viridans Strep

77
Q

Lab findings

  1. Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray

Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

78
Q

Lab findings

  1. Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy
A

Minimal change disease

Child w/ nephrOtic syndrome

79
Q

Lab findings

  1. Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
A

Eburnation

Osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis

80
Q

Lab findings

  1. Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s)
&
Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease)

81
Q

Lab findings

  1. Psammoma bodies
A

Papillary Thyroid carcinoma
Serous carcinoma of endometrium & ovary
Meningiomas
Mesotheliomas

82
Q

Lab findings

  1. Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
A

Glioblastoma multiforme

83
Q

Lab findings

  1. RBC casts in urine
A

Acute glomerulonephritis

84
Q

Lab findings

  1. Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

85
Q

Lab findings

  1. Renal epithelial cell casts in urine
A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

86
Q

Lab findings

  1. Rhomboid crystals, POSitively birefringent
A

Pseudogout

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

87
Q

Lab findings

  1. Rib notching
A

Coarctation of the aorta

88
Q

Lab findings

  1. Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
A

Toxoplasma gondii

CNS lymphoma

89
Q

Lab findings

  1. Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
    (“Starry sky” histology)
A

Burkitt’s lymphoma:
8;14
c-myc
EBV

90
Q

Lab findings

  1. Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
A

Pick bodies

Pick’s disease: Progressive dementia w/ changes in personality

91
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray
A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

92
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Spikes” on basement membrane

“Dome-like” SUBEPIthelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

May progress to nephrOtic syndrome

93
Q

Lab findings

  1. Stacks of RBC’s
A

Rouleaux formation:
High ESR
Multiple Myeloma

94
Q

Lab findings

  1. Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
A

“Clue cells”

Gardenella vaginalis

95
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhhans cells
A

Birbeck granules:

Langherhans cell histiocytosis
or
Histiocytosis X: Eosinophilic granuloma

96
Q

Lab findings

  1. Thrombi made of white/red layers
A

Lines of Zahn

(Arterial thrombosus
layers of platelets/RBC’s)

97
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray
A

Epiglottitis

Haemophilus influenzae

98
Q

Lab findings

  1. Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

Lab findings

  1. Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM’s on LM
A

MembranoProliferative glomerulonephritis

100
Q

Lab findings

  1. Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
A

Fatty liver disease

Alcoholic or Metabolic

101
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Waxy” casts w/ very low urine flow
A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

102
Q

Lab findings

  1. WBC casts in urine
A

Acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

Lab findings

  1. WBC’s that look “smudged”
A

CLL (Almost always B cell)

104
Q

Lab findings

  1. “Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
A

Lupus nephropathy

105
Q

Lab findings

  1. Yellowish CSF
A

Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

First Aid Rapid Review (4 decks)

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