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Key associations Flashcards

1
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer ( increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric H secretion)

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume==sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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3
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

abdominal: atherosclerosis
thoracic: Marfan’s (cystic medial degeneration)
ascending/arch: 3 syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

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4
Q

aortic dissection

A

hypertension

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5
Q

wernicke encephalopathy

A

mamillary body atrophy, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion

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6
Q

bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin signet ring cells)

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7
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

bernard-soulier syndrome: defect in platelet adhesion to vWF

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8
Q

brain tumor- adults

A

superatentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (gliobastoma), meningioma, schwannoma

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9
Q

brain tumor: children

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma, or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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10
Q

cardiac tumor-kids

A

rabdomyoma, associated with tuberous sclerosis

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11
Q

cardiac tumor: adults

A

metastasis, myxoma (LA, ‘ball and valve’)

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12
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

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13
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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14
Q

CAH, hypotension

A

21-hydroxlase deficiency

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15
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD most common

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16
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB in developing, idiopathic or viral in developed

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17
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD> RCA> cirmcumflex

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18
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

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19
Q

gastric cancer

A

most common: adenocarcinoma

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20
Q

glomerularnephritis

A

IgA nephropathy

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21
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

SCC of cervix most common worldwide, endometrial in US

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22
Q

helminth infection in US

A

enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides

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23
Q

epidural hematoma

A

middle meningeal artery

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24
Q

subdural hematoma

A

bridging veins

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25
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM type I, SLE, Graves, Hashimoto, addison disease

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26
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM type I, RA, addison disease

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27
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, TR, MR

28
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma

29
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

30
Q

kidney stones

A

calcium=radiopaque
Struvite= radiopaque (urease + organisms: Klebsiella, Proteus, S saprophyticus)
Uric acid= radiolucent
Cystine= radiolucent

31
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher is most common

32
Q

Malignancy in kids

A

ALL> medulloblastoma

33
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast> lung> thyroid

34
Q

metastases to brain

A

lung> breast> genitourinary> melanoma> GI

35
Q

mets to liver

A

colon» stomach, pancreas

36
Q

microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency

37
Q

mixed UMN and LMN disease

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

38
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

39
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

40
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia

41
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

s auerus, pseudomonas, other enteric gram - rods

42
Q

osteomyelitis

A

S aureus
sickle cell anemia–salmonella
pseudomonas, candida, s aureus in IV drug use

43
Q

ovarian tumor: benign, bilateral

A

serous cystadenoma

44
Q

ovarian tumor: malignant

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

45
Q

philadelphia chromosome

A

t9;22 in CML

46
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

47
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

48
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

buerger disease (assoc with tobacco)

49
Q

refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

zollinger-ellison syndrome assoc with MEN1

50
Q

renal tumor

A

RCC: von hippel-lindaeu, smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

51
Q

S3

A

increased ventricular filing pressure (MR, HF) common in dilated ventricles

52
Q

S4

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive CMP)

53
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

54
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

C trachomatis

55
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

56
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

57
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta> coronary artery> popliteal artery> carotid artery

58
Q

t (14;18)

A

follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

59
Q

t (8;14)

A

burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor)

60
Q

t (9;22)

A

philadelphia chromosome, CML

61
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery, polymyalgia rheumatica

62
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

increase placental ALP

63
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

64
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not malignant)

65
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla

A

pheochromocytoma in adults, and neuroblastoma in kids

66
Q

viral encephalitis

A

HSV-1, affects temporal lobe

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