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Rapid Review First Aid - Mine > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Key Associations

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Key Associations

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (↑ intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Key Associations

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Key Associations

Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 45-85

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5
Q

Key Associations

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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6
Q

Key Associations

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Key Associations

Ascending or arch aortic aneurysm

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Key Associations

Thoracic aortic aneurysm

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial generation)

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9
Q

Key Associations

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

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10
Q

Key Associations

Atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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11
Q

Key Associations

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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12
Q

Key Associations

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (e.g. adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

A

H. pylori

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13
Q

Key Associations

Bacterial meningitis (adults & elderly)

A

S pneumoniae

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14
Q

Key Associations

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns)

S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)

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15
Q

Key Associations

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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16
Q

Key Associations

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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17
Q

Key Associations

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

Key Associations

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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19
Q

Key Associations

Breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

Key Associations

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change

Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

Key Associations

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

Fibroadenoma

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22
Q

Key Associations

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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23
Q

Key Associations

Cardiac manifestations of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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24
Q

Key Associations

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis

Myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

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25
Q

Key Associations

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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26
Q

Key Associations

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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27
Q

Key Associations

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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28
Q

Key Associations

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina)

A

DES exposure in utero

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29
Q

Key Associations

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

Key Associations

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

Key Associations

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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32
Q

Key Associations

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world)

Idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

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33
Q

Key Associations

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

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34
Q

Key Associations

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

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35
Q

Key Associations

Cushing syndrome

A
  • Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
  • Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
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36
Q

Key Associations

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus

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37
Q

Key Associations

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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38
Q

Key Associations

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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39
Q

Key Associations

Dementia

A 
Alzheimer disease
Multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
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40
Q

Key Associations

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

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41
Q

Key Associations

DIC

A 
Severe sepsis
Obstetric complications
Cancer
Burns
Trauma
Major surgery
Acute pancreatitis
APL
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42
Q

Key Associations

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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43
Q

Key Associations

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

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44
Q

Key Associations

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)

Adenocarcinoma (US)

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45
Q

Key Associations

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus

B cereus

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46
Q

Key Associations

Gastric cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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47
Q

Key Associations

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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48
Q

Key Associations

Gynecologic malignancy

A 
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US)
Cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
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49
Q

Key Associations

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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50
Q

Key Associations

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever)

Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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51
Q

Key Associations

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Ascaris lumbricoides

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52
Q

Key Associations

Hematoma - epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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53
Q

Key Associations

Hematoma - subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

54
Q

Key Associations

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes”, and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

55
Q

Key Associations

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

56
Q

Key Associations

Hereditary bleding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

57
Q

Key Associations

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

58
Q

Key Associations

HLA-B27

A

Psoriatic arthritis, ankylsing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)

59
Q

Key Associations

HLA-DR3

A 
Diabetes mellitus type I
SLE
Graves disease
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Addison disease
60
Q

Key Associations

HLA-DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type I
Rheumatoid arthritis
Addison disease

61
Q

Key Associations

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation

62
Q

Key Associations

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (↑ risk of thrombosis)

63
Q

Key Associations

Hypertension, 2°

A

Renal artery stenosis
Chronic kidney disease (e.g. polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy)
Hyperaldosteronism

64
Q

Key Associations

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

65
Q

Key Associations

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

66
Q

Key Associations

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S aureus
E coli
Aspergillus
(⊕ catalase positive organism)

67
Q

Key Associations

Intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

68
Q

Key Associations

Kidney stones

A
  • Calcium = radiopaque
  • Struvite (ammnoium) = radiopaque (formed by urease ⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus, and S saprophyticus)
  • Uric acid = radiolucent
  • Cystine = radiolucent
69
Q

Key Associations

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

70
Q

Key Associations

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

71
Q

Key Associations

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

72
Q

Key Associations

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

73
Q

Key Associations

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

74
Q

Key Associations

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

75
Q

Key Associations

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

76
Q

Key Associations

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

77
Q

Key Associations

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

78
Q

Key Associations

Microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency

79
Q

Key Associations

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

80
Q

Key Associations

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

81
Q

Key Associations

Mixed (UMN & LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

82
Q

Key Associations

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

83
Q

Key Associations

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

84
Q

Key Associations

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

85
Q

Key Associations

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmnan syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

86
Q

Key Associations

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

S aureus
Pseudomonas
Other enteric Gram ⊝ rods

87
Q

Key Associations

Obstruction of male urinary tract

88
Q

Key Associations

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

89
Q

Key Associations

Opportunistic infection n AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

90
Q

Key Associations

Osteomyelitis

A

S aureus (most common overall)

91
Q

Key Associations

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

92
Q

Key Associations

Osteomyelitis in IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas
Candida
S aureus

93
Q

Key Associations

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

94
Q

Key Associations

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

95
Q

Key Associations

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones

Alcohol

96
Q

Key Associations

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A 
Alcohol (adults)
Cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
Q

Key Associations

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C trachomatis

N gonorrhoeae

98
Q

Key Associations

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

99
Q

Key Associations

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma

Somatotropic adenoma

100
Q

Key Associations

1° amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)

101
Q

Key Associations

1° bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

102
Q

Key Associations

1° hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

103
Q

Key Associations

1° hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

104
Q

Key Associations

1° liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

105
Q

Key Associations

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg. HF), lung disease (eg. COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg. OSA), thromboembolic (eg. PE)

106
Q

Key Associations

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

107
Q

Key Associations

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma or duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1

108
Q

Key Associations

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

109
Q

Key Associations

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

110
Q

Key Associations

S3 heart sound

A

↑ ventricular filling pressure (eg. mitral regurgitation, HF), vommon in dilated ventricles

111
Q

Key Associations

S4 heart sound

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

112
Q

Key Associations

2° hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

113
Q

Key Associations

Sexually transmitted disease

A

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)

114
Q

Key Associations

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

115
Q

Key Associations

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

116
Q

Key Associations

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

117
Q

Key Associations

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)

118
Q

Key Associations

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

119
Q

Key Associations

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

120
Q

Key Associations

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymalgia rheumatica

121
Q

Key Associations

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), ↑ placental ALP

122
Q

Key Associations

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma (childhood radiation)

123
Q

Key Associations

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

124
Q

Key Associations

Tumor of infancy

A

Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)

125
Q

Key Associations

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

126
Q

Key Associations

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

127
Q

Key Associations

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

128
Q

Key Associations

Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

129
Q

Key Associations

UTI

A 
E. coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
130
Q

Key Associations

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal; type II: elderly man or woman)

131
Q

Key Associations

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

132
Q

Key Associations

Vitamin deficiency (US)

A

Folate (pregnant women at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Rapid Review First Aid - Mine (6 decks)

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