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Biology - Unit 2 > Key Area 2.1 - Producing New Cells > Flashcards

Key Area 2.1 - Producing New Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cell division also known as?

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

Definition of Cell Division

A

The process of a cell making two exact copies of itself

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3
Q

What happens during cell division?

A

The parent cell will divide to produce two identical daughter cells

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4
Q

Mitosis provides new cells for

A

Growth and repair of damaged cells

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5
Q

Describe Stage 1 of Mitosis

A

Chromosomes are replicating and doubling in number in preparation for mitosis.

Individual chromosomes are not visible

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6
Q

Describe Stage 2 of mitosis

A

The chromosomes become coiled up and visible.

Chromosomes are now made of pairs of identical chromatids

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7
Q

Describe Stage 4 of mitosis

A

Pairs of chromatids line up at the equator of the cell. Spindle fibres form and attach to the pairs of chromatids

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8
Q

Describe Stage 3 of mitosis

A

Chromosomes condense and are visible as double chromosomes composed of two identical chromatids

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9
Q

Describe stage 5 of mitosis

A

Spindle fibres contract and pairs of chromatids are pulled apart

Separated pairs of chromatids are now known as chromosomes and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

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10
Q

Describe stage 6 of mitosis

A

New nuclear membranes form around the separated chromosomes at each pole of the cell

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11
Q

Where are chromosomes found and what do they carry?

A

found within the nucleus of cells

carry the genetic information of the organism

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12
Q

What is each chromosome made up of?

A

Two chromatids

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13
Q

How many chromosomes do human cells have in the nucleus of each cell

A

46 chromosomes

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14
Q

What are diploids cells?

A

Two sets of chromosomes

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15
Q

What are haploid cells?

A

One set of cells

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16
Q

What is mitosis important to maintain?

A

The diploid chromosome complement of cells

17
Q

What is each new cell to the original parent cell?

A

Genetically identical

18
Q

Where are stem cells found?

A

In animals and are unspecialised cells

19
Q

What do stem cells do?

A

They can divide to produce more stem cells (self-renew) or can develop into specialised cells

Biology - Unit 2 (2 decks)

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