Key Area 1: The Structure of DNA Flashcards
What is a Nucleotide?
It makes up DNA. It contains Deoxyribose sugar, an Organic base, and a Phosphate group.
What is genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
What is the phenotype?
The observable physical properties of an organism
What is meant by the base-pairing rule?
Adenine pairs with thymine; Cytosine pairs with guanine.
What is the meaning of antiparallel?
Antiparallel is the term for when the 2 strands of DNA are parallel, but run in opposite directions.
What is a double helix?
A double helix is the form that DNA takes, with two antiparallel strands twisting around each other.
What end of the DNA strand is at the deoxyribose?
3’ (3 prime) end
What end of the DNA strand is at the phosphate group?
5’ (5 prime) end
What type of bond forms between bases?
A weak hydrogen bond
How many of these bonds form between A and T?
2 weak hydrogen bonds
How many of these bonds form between C and G?
3 weak hydrogen bonds
What is a eukaryote?
A cell that contains a nucleus. They usually have linear chromosomes but some have circular chromosomes present aswell.
What is a prokaryote?
A cell that does not contain a nucleus. They contain circular chromosomes but can also contain plasmids.
What type of chromosome is present in a eukaryote?
A linear chromosome is usually present in a eukaryote, but some eukaryotes also contain circular chromosomes.
What type of chromosome is present in a prokaryote?
Circular chromosomes.
