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Buzzwords > KEY > Flashcards

KEY Flashcards

1
Q

Inheritance of haemophilia

A

X linked recessive

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2
Q

haemophilllia A

A

factor VIII deficiency

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3
Q

haemophillia B

A

factor IX deficiency

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4
Q

inheritance of cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive

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5
Q

genetics of trisomy 14

A

errors of chromosomal separation (non disjunction)

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6
Q

What is meant by mosaic?

A

some cells contain the extra chromosome while others are normal

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7
Q

Downs syndrome?

A

trisomy 21

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8
Q

what is chromosome translocation?

A

chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangements between non homologous chromosomes

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9
Q

What is meant by balanced and unbalanced translocation?

A

an even exchange of information

uneven exchange of information resulting in extra or missing genes

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10
Q

Cause of downs syndrome extra 21 chromosome?

A 
non disjunction (failure of 21st chromosome to separate in egg or sperm)
or robertsonian translocation
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11
Q

main neurotransmitter involved in sleep?

A

melatonin

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12
Q

treatment of cervical cancer stage 2?

A

chemoradiation (cisplatin)

surgery

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13
Q

what is stage 2 cervical cancer?

A

cancer has spread outside the cervix

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14
Q

what does prothrombin time measure and when is it used?

A

warfarin
extrinsic pathway
I/fibrinogen, II/prothrombin, V, VII, X

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15
Q

what does APTT measure and when is it used?

A

un fractioned heparin
intrinsic pathway
I/fibrinogen, II/prothrombin, V, VIII, IX, X

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16
Q

formation of fibrin clot?

A

TF/VIIa initiates
V/Xa - prothrombin to thrombin- fibrin to fibrinogen
VIII/IXaamplified by thrombin

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17
Q

what are the vit k dependent clotting factors?

A

II(prothrombin), VII, IX, and proteins C, S

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18
Q

What is stage 1B ovarian Ca?

A

tumour limited to both ovaries

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19
Q

How do you treat stage 1B ovarian Ca?

A

salpingo oopherectomy and hysterectomy

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20
Q

what are the treatments for advanced ovarian Ca?

A

surgery and chemo

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21
Q

reed sternbergs cells?

A

hodgekins lymphoma

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22
Q

radial nerve damage?

A

humerous fracture
wrist drop
loss of sensation in back of hand except little finger and half of ring (ulnar)

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23
Q

median nerve damage?

A

injuries to forearm
loss of ability to abduct and oppose the thumb- ape hand deformity
sensory loss in thumb to half of ring finger

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24
Q

Axiliary nerve damage?

A

during shoulder dislocation

loss of sensation in badge area

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25
Q

philadelphia chromosome?

A

reciprocal translocation between chromosome 22 and 9. new material on 22 codes for a tyrosine kinase signalling protein that causes the cell to divide uncontrollably
seen in CML

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26
Q

syndenhams chorea?

A

rapid uncoordinated jerky movements primarily in hands face and feet
results from childhood infection of Group A strep resulting 6 months after

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27
Q

What is lie?

A

relationship of fetal longitudinal axis to longitudinal axis of uterus
longitudinal
transverse
oblique

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28
Q

What is presentation?

A

leading part presenting into pelvis

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29
Q

What is the vertex?

A

part of the fetal head lined by ant and post frontanelles and parietal emnences

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30
Q

what is the position?

A

position of the presenting part in relation to mother

OA, OP

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31
Q

what is the station?

A

location of presenting part in birth canal-5 to -1 above imaginary line at ischial spines 1 to 5 below

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32
Q

What is engagement?

A

when the widest leading part has passed through pelvic inlet

33
Q

Parts 1, 2 and 3 of labour?

A

1- onset to full dilation 10cm
2- full dilation to delivery of fetus
3- delivery of placenta

34
Q

Key things to look for on a partogram?

A

deaccelerations:
early- physiological- as contraction happens HR decreases due to squeezing of fetal head and stimulation of the parasympa
late- pathological- HR slows a few seconds after contraction may have overcompensatory increase after
beat to beat variability: > 5secs normal
moving accelerations: baby moving in womb >15 normal

35
Q

normal fetal HR?

A

110-150

36
Q

Fetal tachycardia and late deaccelerations. 6cm dilated. Management?

A

fetal blood sample to look for hypoxia. If hypoxic pH will be less than 7.3 which warrants a c section

37
Q

6cm dilating and not progressing management?

A

syntocinon infusion and re-examin in 4hrs

if this fails to pregress labour C section

38
Q

When is forceps delivery appropriate?

A

mother fully dilated and no progress even after syntocinon

39
Q

gram negative

A

pink

40
Q

woman with hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia and skin pigmentation changes

A

Addisons

41
Q

side effect of iron

A

makes stools black

42
Q

ALL key features?

A

young

43
Q

treatment of CML?

A

imatinib

44
Q

What is adenomyosis?

A

endometriosis in myometrium

45
Q

Thrush treatment?

A

FUNGUS NOT STI. WHITE ITCHY DISCHARGE. VULVOVAGINAL SWAB
topical clotrimazole
oral fluconazole

46
Q

BV treatment?

A

BACTERIAL- GARDERELLA VAGINALIS IMBALANCE NOT STI. CLUE CELLS. FISHY WATERY DISCHARGE. VULVOVAGINAL SWAB
metronidazole

47
Q

prostatitis treatment?

A

BACTERIAL FOLLOWING STI
ciproflaxin 28 days
trimethoprim if c.diff risk

48
Q

Chlamydia treatment?

A

BACTERIA STI. DOES NOT GRAM STAIN. NAAT & PCR. VULVOVAGINAL SWAB.
azithromycin 1g or
doxycline 7days

49
Q

Gonorrhoea treatment?

A

BACTERIA STI. GRAM -VE DIPLOCOCCUS. PURULENT DISCHARGE. FIRST PASS URINE NAAT & PCR.
IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin

50
Q

Syphilis treatment?

A

BACTERIA STI. TREPONEMA PALLIDUM- spirochaete organism. DOES NOT GRAM STAIN. SWAB & PCR EARLY LESION. SEROLOGICAL BLOOD TESTS- disease activities and identify ABs
Long acting penicillin

51
Q

Genital warts treatment?

A

clinical diagnosis
cryotherapy
podophyllotoxin cream

52
Q

Trichomonas Vaginalis treatment?

A

PARASITE. GREEN DISCHARGE VULVOVAGINAL SWAB.

Metronidazole

53
Q

What are the four main medicines in end of life care and what are they for?

A

morphine (pain/SOB)
midazolam (distress)
ledomepromazine (nausea)
buscopan (resp secretions)

54
Q

right upper quadrant pain radiating to shoulder tip?

A

cholecysistis

55
Q

investigation in elderly with anemia?

A

sigmoid colonscopy
endoscopy
(Checking for chronic bleeds)

56
Q

CML and CLL seen in what age group classically?

A

Adults

57
Q

how do you treat pneumocytis pneumonia?

A

co-trimoxazole

58
Q

how do you treat TB?

A

RIPE

Isoniazid if latent

59
Q

reduces inhibition?

A

levodopa

60
Q

diarrhoaea and progressive ascending weakness?

A

guillain barre

61
Q

battle sign behind ears

A

fracture of mastoid process of temporal bone/ middle cranial fossa

62
Q

racoon/panda eyes

A

fracture of ant cranial fossa

63
Q

high stepping gait and rombergs positive

A

cervical myelpathy

64
Q

treatment of hypertensive crisis

A

phentolamine infusion

65
Q

statin avoid with

A

grapefruit juice

66
Q

metronidizole avoid with

A

alcohol

67
Q

warfarinavoid with

A

cranberry

68
Q

what happens with warfarin and amioderone?

A

amioderone potentiates effect of anticoagulant

69
Q

avoid statin and

A

clarithromycin

70
Q

clacium and thyroxine cause

A

decreased absorption from gut

71
Q

warfarin and nsaid cause?

A

bleeds (not low dose aspirin)

72
Q

digoxin and verapamil cause

A

digoxin toxicity

73
Q

fluocetie and phenelzine cause?

A

serotonin syndrome - hyperthermia, tremor

74
Q

what is priapism ass. with

A

sickle cell disease

75
Q

gum infiltration

bilobed large mononuclear cells

A

AML

76
Q

smudge cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, small mature lymphocytes

A

CLL

77
Q

VWD

A

prolonged bleeding and APTT

78
Q

IgM paraprotein

A

waldenstorms macroglobulinaemia

79
Q

raised esr and osteoporosis

A

myeloma until proven other wise

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