Anatomy

Question 1

what are the extrinsic muscle of the back?

Answer 1

trapezius
latismus dorsi
lavator scapula
2x rhomboid

Question 2

What ere the intrinsic muscle of the back?

Answer 2

erector spinae

tranversospinalis

Question 3

what are the muscles of the abdominal anterolateral wall?

Answer 3

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdomins

Question 4

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 4

psoas major

quadratus lumborum

Question 5

what muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 5

supraspinatous
infrspinatous
teres minor
teres major

Question 6

What is the main flexor of the spine?

Answer 6

psoas major

Question 7

where does the spinal nerve pass through?

Answer 7

intervertebral foramen

Question 8

What are the key landmarks of a typical vertebra?

Answer 8

spinous process
transverse process
vertebral arch- pedical and lamina
superior and articular articular process
vertebral foramen
vertebral body

Question 9

What is the joint between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae?

Answer 9

facet

Question 10

how are pain signals of the intervertebral disc transmitted by?

Answer 10

posterior rami

Question 11

where are intervertebral discs not found?

Answer 11

between C1 and 2

between fused sacrum

Question 12

What are the ligaments of the spine?

Answer 12

ligamentum flavum (connect adjacent lamina)
posterior longitudinal ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament (ant to bodies)
supraspinous (connects tips)
interspinous (connect whole surface)

Question 13

what is the function of posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments?

Answer 13

post- prevents over extension

ant- prevent over flexion

Question 14

What is uniqua about cervical vertebrae?

Answer 14

have foramen in transverse process for vertebral arteries

Question 15

What is unique about atlas/c1

Answer 15

no body or spinous process

Question 16

What is unique about c2/axis?

Answer 16

has an odontoid process

Question 17

what is first palpable spinal process?

Answer 17

C7

Question 18

what forms the atlanto occipital joints?

Answer 18

occipital condyles and auperior articulate facets of the atlas

Question 19

what joints enable no shaking of head?

Answer 19

atlanto axial joints

Question 20

what joint enables yes?

Answer 20

atlantooccipital

Question 21

what do you have instead of intervertebral foraminae in the sacrum?

Answer 21

ant and posterior sacral foraminae

Question 22

where is anaesthesia injected for caudal anaesthesia?

Answer 22

sacral hiatus

Question 23

what are the three meningeal layer?

Answer 23

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

Question 24

where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 24

L2

Question 25

What happens in laminectomy?

Answer 25

removal of spinous process and adjacent laminae

Question 26

what kind of joint is the pubic symphesis?

Answer 26

secondary cartilaginous

Question 27

what forms the pelvic floor?

Answer 27

levator ani muscles

Question 28

key difference between male and female pelvis?

Answer 28

femae AP and transvers diameters larger at inlet and outlet
pub pubic angle bigger
pelvic cavity shallower

Question 29

what is the station?

Answer 29

the distance of the fetal head from the ischial spines

Question 30

where does sub arachnoid space end?

Answer 30

S2

Question 31

where do sympathetic nerves exit spinal cord?

Answer 31

t1-l2

Question 32

what is the path of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 32

exits the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
passes posterior to sacrospinous ligament
re enter pelves/perineum via lesser sciatic foarmen

Question 33

what can be used as a landmark to administer pudendal block?

Answer 33

ischial spine

pudendal nerve crosses the lateral aspect of the sacrospinous ligamnet

Question 34

what ligament does the pudendal nerve pass?

Answer 34

sacrospinous