Anatomy Flashcards
what are the extrinsic muscle of the back?
trapezius
latismus dorsi
lavator scapula
2x rhomboid
What ere the intrinsic muscle of the back?
erector spinae
tranversospinalis
what are the muscles of the abdominal anterolateral wall?
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdomins
What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
what muscles make up the rotator cuff?
supraspinatous
infrspinatous
teres minor
teres major
What is the main flexor of the spine?
psoas major
where does the spinal nerve pass through?
intervertebral foramen
What are the key landmarks of a typical vertebra?
spinous process transverse process vertebral arch- pedical and lamina superior and articular articular process vertebral foramen vertebral body
What is the joint between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae?
facet
how are pain signals of the intervertebral disc transmitted by?
posterior rami
where are intervertebral discs not found?
between C1 and 2
between fused sacrum
What are the ligaments of the spine?
ligamentum flavum (connect adjacent lamina) posterior longitudinal ligament anterior longitudinal ligament (ant to bodies) supraspinous (connects tips) interspinous (connect whole surface)
what is the function of posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments?
post- prevents over extension
ant- prevent over flexion
What is uniqua about cervical vertebrae?
have foramen in transverse process for vertebral arteries
What is unique about atlas/c1
no body or spinous process
What is unique about c2/axis?
has an odontoid process
what is first palpable spinal process?
C7
what forms the atlanto occipital joints?
occipital condyles and auperior articulate facets of the atlas
what joints enable no shaking of head?
atlanto axial joints
what joint enables yes?
atlantooccipital
what do you have instead of intervertebral foraminae in the sacrum?
ant and posterior sacral foraminae
where is anaesthesia injected for caudal anaesthesia?
sacral hiatus
what are the three meningeal layer?
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
where does the spinal cord end?
L2
What happens in laminectomy?
removal of spinous process and adjacent laminae
what kind of joint is the pubic symphesis?
secondary cartilaginous
what forms the pelvic floor?
levator ani muscles
key difference between male and female pelvis?
femae AP and transvers diameters larger at inlet and outlet
pub pubic angle bigger
pelvic cavity shallower
what is the station?
the distance of the fetal head from the ischial spines
where does sub arachnoid space end?
S2
where do sympathetic nerves exit spinal cord?
t1-l2
what is the path of the pudendal nerve?
exits the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
passes posterior to sacrospinous ligament
re enter pelves/perineum via lesser sciatic foarmen
what can be used as a landmark to administer pudendal block?
ischial spine
pudendal nerve crosses the lateral aspect of the sacrospinous ligamnet
what ligament does the pudendal nerve pass?
sacrospinous
