Ketogenesis

Question 1

hepatic ketogenesis

Answer 1

only liver can produce ketones; increases during the fasting state.

low levels of insulin, high levels of glucagon. fatty acids inside adipocytes is where they come from.

Question 2

starting material for ketogenesis

Answer 2

mitochondrial acetyl coA

Question 3

in what cells/cellular compartment does ketogenesis happen

Answer 3

matrix of mitrochondria in liver cells

Question 4

HMG coA synthase mitochondrial vs. cytosolic version

Answer 4

mitochondrial version is for ketogenesis

cytosolic is cholesterol synthesis

Question 5

HMG give the full name

Answer 5

hydroxymethylglutaryl

Question 6

How many acetyl groups are used to form a ketone body?

Answer 6

three acetyl coAs are used

Question 7

how many acetyl groups are used to make a HMG group?

Answer 7

3 acetyl coAs

Question 8

HMG coA synthase

Answer 8

enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix that helps turn 3 acetyl coAs into HMG CoA

Question 9

HMG CoA lyase

Answer 9

this is in the mitochondrial matrix. it removes an acetyl CoA. What’s left over is 4 carbon molecule which is a ketone body. acetoacetone.

Question 10

Name 2 ketones useful as fuels

Answer 10

betaketobutarate and beta hydroxybutarate

Question 11

describe the reaction catalyzed by beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

Answer 11

beta hydroxybutarate gets oxidized into beta ketobutarate

Question 12

Describe formation of acetone

Answer 12

it is spontaneous. 1 way reaction. acetoacetate looses a carboxyl group and turns into acetone. It has three carbons.