Kelly Flashcards
Pathology
the study of disease, a disturbance of homeostasis occurring whenever
there is damage to cells
aetiology
causes of disease
(pathogenesis
how diseases develop)
xenobiotics
A xenobiotic is a chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced or expected to be present within the organism
e.g toxins, drugs and chemical
agents
Hypertrophy
increase in the size of cells
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of individual cells
Cell atrophy
reduction in complexity
Autophagy
In autophagy organelles are
encapsulated by intracytoplasmic membranes and digested by fusion with lysosomes.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.
Necrosis
Necrosis is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components.
hypoxia
oxygen
shortage
reperfusion injury
the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia). The absence of oxygen and nutrients from blood during the ischemic period creates a condition in which the restoration of circulation results in inflammation and oxidative damage through the induction of oxidative stress rather than (or along with) restoration of normal function.
HSFs
heat shock factors
HSPs
Heat shock proteins
NETs
neutrophil extracellular traps
Neutrophils can extrude their DNA forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that
trap microbes. This is seen as pus.
