Keeping The Body Working Flashcards
What are the 7 nutrients?
Carbohydrates, fibre, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
Name an example of food with carbohydrates
Bread, potatoes, rice, nuts and pasta
Name a food that contains fats
Butter, oil and fried food
Name a food that contains protein
Eggs, fish, red meat and chicken
Name a food that contains vitamins
Citrus fruit, potatoes and berries
Name a food that contains fibre
Dried fruit, popcorn and whole grains
Name a food that contains water
Cucumber, watermelon and lettuce
Name a food that contains minerals
Meat, cereals and fish
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is a diet consisting of different types of food and providing the correct amount of each of the 7 nutrients
What do carbohydrates supply us with?
Slow releasing energy
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
Sugars- fast releasing Ex/ chocolate, grapes and soft drinks
Starches- slow releasing Ex/ bread, pasta and potatoes
What is fibre?
A carbohydrate which can’t be digested
How does fibre help our digestive system?
It adds bulk to our foods and aids it’s movement along our digestive tract
How do proteins help our body?
They help us grow and repair body tissues
How do fats help our body?
They provide us with energy that can be stored and isulation
How do vitamins help our body?
Vitamins and minerals help prevent certain diseases
How does water help our body?
Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps transport materials around our body
Why do we need food?
Food provided nutrients which are required for energy so you can grow and do all the functions of the body. Food also keeps the immune system healthy
When does malnutrition occur?
Malnutrition occurs when your diet does not contain the right amount of each of the 7 nutrients
What is a deficiency disease?
A deficiency disease is caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral
What causes kwashiorkor?
A severe lack of protein
What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?
To much fluid in the body, tissue swelling, swollen stomach area and anemia
What causes scurvy?
A lack of vitamin c
What are the symptoms of scurvy?
Tired and weak, joint pain, swollen gums
What causes rickets?
A lack of vitamin d or calcium
What are the symptoms of rickets?
Soft deformed bones
What causes eye disorders?w
Lack of vitamin a
What are the symptoms of eye disorders?
Headaches, night blindness and excessive tearing
What causes anaemia?
Lack of red blood cell production (low iron)
What are the symptoms of anaemia?
Paleness, tiredness
In order to test a food, if it is a solid what must be done?
It musty be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing
What is the test for starch?
If iodine solution tunes from yellow/brown to blue/black starch is present
What is the test for reducing sugars?
If Benedict’s solution changes from blue to orange when heated, reducing sugars are present
What is the test for proteins?
If Biurets solution turns from blue to violet (purple) proteins are present
What are complex carbohydrates (such as starch) made up from?
Small units called sugar molecules (glucose)
What are proteins made up from?
Small units called amino acids
What are fats made up from?
Fats are made up from subunits called fatty acids and glycerol
What do humans use their teeth for?
To bite and chew food and mechanically breaking down the large pieces into bite size pieces
What is the function of the canines?
Canines are used to rip and tear
What is the function of the incisors?
Incisors are for slicing and cutting
What is the function of the pre-molars and the molars?
The molars are for crushing and grinding
What is digestion?
Digestion is the process of breaking large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood stream
What is the digestive system made up from?
It is made up from the Alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus
What is the function of the stomach?
The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and it churns the food. This mixes the food with digestive juices
Where do the products of digestion go?
The products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream through the wall of the small intestine
What is the function of the small intestine?
The small intestine has lots of small vessels into which the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream
What is the order of the digestive system?
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What are the properties of the small intestine?
The small intestine is very long and it’s inner wall is highly folded into villi making for a large surface area for absorption
What is the function of the large intestine?
The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material
What is the unwanted waste material from digestion called?
Faeces
What do digestive juices contain?
Digestive juices contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells
What is the function of enzymes?
They speed up chemical reactions
What do different enzymes do?
Different enzymes speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
What is the substance an enzyme acts upon called?
It’s substrate
What are the substances produced from enzymes called?
Products
Amylase speeds up the breakdown of what?
Starch into simple sugars (maltose)
Where is amylase produced?
Amylase is produced in cells in the salivary glands and in the pancreas
Proteins speeds up the breakdown of what?
Protease breaks down protein into amino acids
Lipase speeds up the breakdown of what?
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
What is the food test for fats?
If ethanol and water turn from colourless to cloudy, fats are present
What is the test for solid fat?
Rub some solid fat on a filter paper, if translucent fat is present
If a substance is soluble what does that mean?
It can dissolve in water
What is the digestive system made up from?
Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum and anus
In order for starch to be able to pass through the blood stream what must happen?
It has to be broken down into smaller soluble molecules
Why are enzymes specific?
Enzymes are specific to a type of subtate
What is specificity?
Specificity is where enzymes can only fit one particular substrate
Where do enzymes bind to the substrate?
The active site (this catalyses the reaction)
What is a substrate?
The substance an enzyme reacts upon
What makes an enzyme specific?
An enzyme is said to be specific to its subtracts, they should fit like lock and key
