Keeping The Body Working

Question 1

What are the 7 nutrients?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, fibre, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

Question 2

Name an example of food with carbohydrates

Answer 2

Bread, potatoes, rice, nuts and pasta

Question 3

Name a food that contains fats

Answer 3

Butter, oil and fried food

Question 4

Name a food that contains protein

Answer 4

Eggs, fish, red meat and chicken

Question 5

Name a food that contains vitamins

Answer 5

Citrus fruit, potatoes and berries

Question 6

Name a food that contains fibre

Answer 6

Dried fruit, popcorn and whole grains

Question 7

Name a food that contains water

Answer 7

Cucumber, watermelon and lettuce

Question 8

Name a food that contains minerals

Answer 8

Meat, cereals and fish

Question 9

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 9

A balanced diet is a diet consisting of different types of food and providing the correct amount of each of the 7 nutrients

Question 10

What do carbohydrates supply us with?

Answer 10

Slow releasing energy

Question 11

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Sugars- fast releasing Ex/ chocolate, grapes and soft drinks
Starches- slow releasing Ex/ bread, pasta and potatoes

Question 12

What is fibre?

Answer 12

A carbohydrate which can’t be digested

Question 13

How does fibre help our digestive system?

Answer 13

It adds bulk to our foods and aids it’s movement along our digestive tract

Question 14

How do proteins help our body?

Answer 14

They help us grow and repair body tissues

Question 15

How do fats help our body?

Answer 15

They provide us with energy that can be stored and isulation

Question 16

How do vitamins help our body?

Answer 16

Vitamins and minerals help prevent certain diseases

Question 17

How does water help our body?

Answer 17

Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps transport materials around our body

Question 18

Why do we need food?

Answer 18

Food provided nutrients which are required for energy so you can grow and do all the functions of the body. Food also keeps the immune system healthy

Question 19

When does malnutrition occur?

Answer 19

Malnutrition occurs when your diet does not contain the right amount of each of the 7 nutrients

Question 20

What is a deficiency disease?

Answer 20

A deficiency disease is caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral

Question 21

What causes kwashiorkor?

Answer 21

A severe lack of protein

Question 22

What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?

Answer 22

To much fluid in the body, tissue swelling, swollen stomach area and anemia

Question 23

What causes scurvy?

Answer 23

A lack of vitamin c

Question 24

What are the symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 24

Tired and weak, joint pain, swollen gums

Question 25

What causes rickets?

Answer 25

A lack of vitamin d or calcium

Question 26

What are the symptoms of rickets?

Answer 26

Soft deformed bones

Question 27

What causes eye disorders?w

Answer 27

Lack of vitamin a

Question 28

What are the symptoms of eye disorders?

Answer 28

Headaches, night blindness and excessive tearing

Question 29

What causes anaemia?

Answer 29

Lack of red blood cell production (low iron)

Question 30

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 30

Paleness, tiredness

Question 31

In order to test a food, if it is a solid what must be done?

Answer 31

It musty be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing

Question 32

What is the test for starch?

Answer 32

If iodine solution tunes from yellow/brown to blue/black starch is present

Question 33

What is the test for reducing sugars?

Answer 33

If Benedict’s solution changes from blue to orange when heated, reducing sugars are present

Question 34

What is the test for proteins?

Answer 34

If Biurets solution turns from blue to violet (purple) proteins are present

Question 35

What are complex carbohydrates (such as starch) made up from?

Answer 35

Small units called sugar molecules (glucose)

Question 36

What are proteins made up from?

Answer 36

Small units called amino acids

Question 37

What are fats made up from?

Answer 37

Fats are made up from subunits called fatty acids and glycerol

Question 38

What do humans use their teeth for?

Answer 38

To bite and chew food and mechanically breaking down the large pieces into bite size pieces

Question 39

What is the function of the canines?

Answer 39

Canines are used to rip and tear

Question 40

What is the function of the incisors?

Answer 40

Incisors are for slicing and cutting

Question 41

What is the function of the pre-molars and the molars?

Answer 41

The molars are for crushing and grinding

Question 42

What is digestion?

Answer 42

Digestion is the process of breaking large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood stream

Question 43

What is the digestive system made up from?

Answer 43

It is made up from the Alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus

Question 44

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 44

The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and it churns the food. This mixes the food with digestive juices

Question 45

Where do the products of digestion go?

Answer 45

The products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream through the wall of the small intestine

Question 46

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 46

The small intestine has lots of small vessels into which the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream

Question 47

What is the order of the digestive system?

Answer 47

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 48

What are the properties of the small intestine?

Answer 48

The small intestine is very long and it’s inner wall is highly folded into villi making for a large surface area for absorption

Question 49

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 49

The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material

Question 50

What is the unwanted waste material from digestion called?

Answer 50

Faeces

Question 51

What do digestive juices contain?

Answer 51

Digestive juices contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells

Question 52

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 52

They speed up chemical reactions

Question 53

What do different enzymes do?

Answer 53

Different enzymes speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Question 54

What is the substance an enzyme acts upon called?

Answer 54

It’s substrate

Question 55

What are the substances produced from enzymes called?

Answer 55

Products

Question 56

Amylase speeds up the breakdown of what?

Answer 56

Starch into simple sugars (maltose)

Question 57

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 57

Amylase is produced in cells in the salivary glands and in the pancreas

Question 58

Proteins speeds up the breakdown of what?

Answer 58

Protease breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 59

Lipase speeds up the breakdown of what?

Answer 59

Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 60

What is the food test for fats?

Answer 60

If ethanol and water turn from colourless to cloudy, fats are present

Question 61

What is the test for solid fat?

Answer 61

Rub some solid fat on a filter paper, if translucent fat is present

Question 62

If a substance is soluble what does that mean?

Answer 62

It can dissolve in water

Question 63

What is the digestive system made up from?

Answer 63

Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum and anus

Question 64

In order for starch to be able to pass through the blood stream what must happen?

Answer 64

It has to be broken down into smaller soluble molecules

Question 65

Why are enzymes specific?

Answer 65

Enzymes are specific to a type of subtate

Question 66

What is specificity?

Answer 66

Specificity is where enzymes can only fit one particular substrate

Question 67

Where do enzymes bind to the substrate?

Answer 67

The active site (this catalyses the reaction)

Question 68

What is a substrate?

Answer 68

The substance an enzyme reacts upon

Question 69

What makes an enzyme specific?

Answer 69

An enzyme is said to be specific to its subtracts, they should fit like lock and key