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S2 Biology > Healthy Heart And Lungs > Flashcards

Healthy Heart And Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Different types of cells floating in a liquid called plasma

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2
Q

What does blood contain?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells and smaller particles called platelets

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3
Q

What is the function of Red Blood Cells?

A

Red Blood Cells transport oxygen and contain the pigment haemoglobin

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4
Q

What are White Blood Cells a part of?

A

The Immune System

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5
Q

What is the function of White Blood Cells?

A

White Blood Cells destroy bacteria and foreign particles (viruses)

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6
Q

What are the 2 main types of White Blood Cell?

A

Lymphocytes and Phagocytes

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7
Q

What is the function of Phagocytes?

A

Phagocytes carry of phagocytosis by engulfing bacteria

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8
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses

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9
Q

What specific feature do antibodies have?

A

Antibodies have specific complementary binding sites for only one type of foreign particle (virus)

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10
Q

How do vaccines work?

A

Vaccines allow a dead or altered form of a foreign particle to be introduced into the body so the immune system can then recognise it on exposure

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11
Q

What is the function of Platelets?

A

Platelets help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding

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12
Q

What is the function of the Heart?

A

The function of the Heart is to pump blood round the body

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13
Q

What is the Heart made of?

A

The Heart is made from Cardiac muscle and pumps continuously.

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14
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the Heart?

A

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

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15
Q

What is pulse an indicator of?

A

Your Health (no pulse no life)

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16
Q

In general the fitter the person…

A

The lower the resting heart rate

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17
Q

Having a high pulse rate is…

A

Unhealthy

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18
Q

What can a high pulse rate lead to?

A

Heart disease and strokes

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19
Q

What low-tech methods can be used to measure a pulse rate?

A

Using a stop watch and fingertips or a stethoscope.

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20
Q

What high-tech method can be used to measure pulse rate?

A

A pulsometer or heart rate monitor linked up to a computer.

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21
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

AWAY from the heart

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22
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

BACK to the heart

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23
Q

What do veins contain?

A

Valves which prevent back flow of blood

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24
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are small vessels which form a network between arteries and veins

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25
Q

What is oxygenated blood rich in?

A

Oxygen

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26
Q

What is deoxygenated blood rich in?

A

Carbon Dioxide

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27
Q

What are the 4 main blood vessels that lead to and from the heart?

A

Aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and vena cava

28
Q

What is the function of the Aorta?

A

The Aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

29
Q

What is the function of the Vena Cava?

A

The Vena Cava returns deoxygenated blood away from the body to the heart

30
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Artery?

A

The Pulmonary Artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs

31
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Vein?

A

The Pulmonary Vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

32
Q

What side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall?

A

The left hand side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall

33
Q

Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall?

A

The left side has a thicker muscular wall as it has to pump blood all around the body however the right side only need to pump it as far as the lungs

34
Q

What does the coronary arteries supply the muscular walls with?

A

They coronary arteries supply the muscular walls with oxygenated blood

35
Q

What is it called when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the arteries under pressure?

A

This pressure is called Blood Pressure

36
Q

How can blood pressure be measured?

A

Blood pressure can be measured using either a stethoscope and mercury manometer or a digital sphygmomanometer

37
Q

When does systolic pressure occur?

A

Systolic pressure occurs when the heart beats and pumps blood into the arteries

38
Q

What is the average reading of systolic pressure

39
Q

When does diastolic pressure occur?

A

Diastolic pressure occurs between beats when the heart relaxes and fills with blood

40
Q

What is the average reading for diastolic pressure?

41
Q

What is the average blood pressure of an adult?

A

120/80 mmHg

42
Q

Having blood pressure higher than what can be unhealthy?

A

160/90 mmHg

43
Q

What is high blood pressure caused by?

A

High blood pressure is caused by: being overweight, lack of exercise, incorrect diets (fat/salt), drinking alcohol excessively or stress

44
Q

What can high blood pressure cause?

A

Heart attacks and strokes

45
Q

What can low blood pressure cause?

A

Low blood pressure can cause fainting and heart failure

46
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

Lungs inflate to take air into the body and deflate to remove air

47
Q

What is the function of the Windpipe?

A

The Windpipe allows air to flow from the mouth to the nose towards the lungs

48
Q

What is the function of the Bronchi?

A

The Bronchi are the 2 branches which join the windpipe to the lungs

49
Q

What is the function of the Bronchioles?

A

The Bronchioles are branches from the bronchi which lead to the air sacs

50
Q

What is the function of the Air Sacs?

A

The Air Sacs allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide to pass from the blood to the lungs

51
Q

What is the function of the Ribs?

A

The Ribs shield or protect the lungs from damage

52
Q

What are the properties of ans Air Sac?

A

Air Sacs are thin walled and surrounded by capillaries

53
Q

What is Breathing Rate?

A

Breathing Rate is the number of breaths you take in 1 minute

54
Q

When may your Breathing rate change?

A

Your Breathing Rate may alter based on your level of activity

55
Q

What may change breathing rate between individuals?

A

Breathing rate is different between individuals based on their age, gender, fitness and state of health

56
Q

What effects does exercise have on your body?

A

Exercise results in faster, deeper breathing to get more oxygen to muscles & get rid of Carbon Dioxide

57
Q

What is recovery time?

A

Recovery time is the time required after exercise for rate and depth of breathing to return to normal

58
Q

What does a short recovery time indicate?

A

High level of fitness

59
Q

What can the efficiency of your lungs be measured by?

A

The efficiency of lungs can be measured using tidal volume, vital capacity and peak flow

60
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

Tidal Volume is the volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath

61
Q

How does Tidal Volume vary?

A

Tidal Volume varies depending on body size, age, gender and level of fitness

62
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

Vital Capacity is a measure of the maximum volume of air that a person can breathe out, after taking in as deep a ,breath as possible

63
Q

How does Vital Capacity vary?

A

Vital Capacity varies depending on body size, ages, gender and fitness

64
Q

What is Peak Flow?

A

Peak Flow is the maximum rate that you can blow air out of your lungs

65
Q

What is Peak Flow measured by

A

Peak flow can be measured by using a Peak Flow Meter

66
Q

What is asthma?

A

Asthma is a respiratory condition in which air passages (bronchioles) become narrower making breathing difficult causing wheezing

S2 Biology (3 decks)

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