Keeping Healthy Flashcards
What is the metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body
What is respiration?
A chemical reaction that allows cells to release energy from food
How is metabolic rate affected?
- by the proportion of muscle to fat in the body
2. The amount of exercise and other physical activity
What happens to your metabolic rate after physical activity/exercise?
It stays high for a while afterwards
What is a feature of LDL’s?
they carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body
What proportion of HDL’s to LDL’s is best for a healthy heart?
A high proportion of HDL to LDL
What is a pathogen?
Pathogens are microorganisms which cause disease
What do bacteria and viruses do?
Bacteria release toxins, viruses reproduce in The host cell until it bursts (damages cells)
What do white blood cells do?
They:
- ingest and destroy pathogens
- Produce antibodies that destroy infectious microorganisms
- Produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins
What do pathogens do
They are NOT the disease, they CAUSE The disease
What do antibodies do?
- Bind to pathogens to damage or destroy them
2. Clump pathogens together to be ingested by phagocytes
What do lymphocytes and phagocytes do?
lymphocytes produce a specific antibody to kill a pathogen
phagocytes are types of white blood cell which ingulfs pathogens
BOTH ARE WHITE BLOOD CELLS
How is metabolic rate affected?
- by the proportion of muscle to fat in the body
2. The amount of exercise and other physical activity
What happens to your metabolic rate after physical activity/exercise?
It stays high for a while afterwards
What is a feature of LDL’s?
they carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body
What proportion of HDL’s to LDL’s is best for a healthy heart?
A high proportion of HDL to LDL
What is a pathogen?
Pathogens are microorganisms which cause disease
What do bacteria and viruses do?
Bacteria release toxins, viruses reproduce in The host cell until it bursts (damages cells)
What do white blood cells do?
They:
- ingest and destroy pathogens
- Produce antibodies that destroy infectious microorganisms
- Produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins
What do pathogens do
They are NOT the disease, they CAUSE The disease
What do antibodies do?
- Bind to pathogens to damage or destroy them
2. Clump pathogens together to be ingested by phagocytes
What do lymphocytes and phagocytes do?
lymphocytes produce a specific antibody to kill a pathogen
phagocytes are types of white blood cell which ingulfs pathogens
BOTH ARE WHITE BLOOD CELLS
What do vaccinations do and what are they?
Vaccination causes the body to produce memory white blood cells so that if the disease is caught, the person is able to fight off the disease easily.
Vaccinations include a dead pathogen of that disease wanting to be treat, or a harmless part of the pathogen
Who was Ignaz Semmelweiss?
In the 19th century Semmelweiss realised the importance of hygiene and reccomended doctors to wash their hands before moving between wards. People didnt believe this was the case, but once found true, the number of deaths from infectious diseases reduced
What do painkillers do?
They block nerve impulses from painful parts of the body
What do antibiotics do
Kill bacteria or stop their growth
What is penicillin
Penicillin is the first antibiotic produced by Alexander Fleming in 1928
Bacterial Resistance:
Bacterial strains can develop resistance to antibiotics from natural selection Random mutations in the gene can form a new strain of resistant bacteria
MRSA
‘superbug’ a very dangerous strain of bacteria which is resistant to most antibiotics
How to stop the development of resistant bacteria:
Avoid unneccessary use of antibiotics.
Complete the full course.
How to preserve petri dishes:
- sterilise agar jelly
- sterilise inoculating loops
- seal lid with selotape
