Keeping Healthy Flashcards
Give three reasons to explain why a person may be malnourished
They may take in too much energy; they may too little food; particular nutrients may be missing from their diet
What do we mean by a ‘balanced diet’?
A balanced diet contains the correct amounts of all the nutrients needed for a healthy functioning of the body.
Give three factors that affect how much energy a person needs.
Three from: Size of the person Sex of the person The amount of exercise they do The outside temperature Pregnancy Breastfeeding
What is meant by ‘metabolic rate’ and what factors affect the rate?
Metabolic rate is a measure of how quickly the chemical reactions in the cells release energy from food. Exercise/proportion of fat to muscle/inherited factors affect the rate.
What is a ‘pathogen’?
What is an ‘antibiotic’?
A pathogen is an organism that causes disease
An antibiotic is a drug that kills bacteria NOT VIRUSES!
Why is it difficult to produce medicines to destroy viruses?
Viruses reproduces inside body cells. The drugs would also damage the cells and tissues.
How are the ideas of Semmelweiss used in modern hospitals?
Everyone in a hospital should wash her hands or use hand gels to prevent transfer pathogens
What is meant by a ‘mutation’ of a pathogen?
A mutation is a change in a gene
How is a pandemic different from an epidemic?
A pandemic occurs when a disease spreads between different countries, an epidemic occurs within one country
Why don’t doctors give antibiotics for mild throat infections?
Mild throat infections can get better quickly without antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics results in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Explain how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance.
Some bacteria mutate and become resistant to an antibiotic. Antibiotics kill the non-resistant strains. The resistant strains multiply. Each time antibiotics are used more of the resistant strains survive until the whole population of bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic.
How does a person develop immunity following vaccination?
White blood cells respond to the vaccine by producing antibodies. If the body is infected with a pathogen, the white blood cells respond quickly by producing more antibodies.
