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keep forgetting Flashcards

1
Q

HIV gp120

A

attaches to CD4+ T cells

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2
Q

HIV gp40

A

fusion and entry

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3
Q

HIV pol

A

reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

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4
Q

HIV gag (p24)

A

capsid protein

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5
Q

specificity

A

how many people without the disease test (-)

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6
Q

negative predictive value

A

how many of the (-) results are true (-)?

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7
Q

Rovsing sign indicates?

A

appendicitis (pressure in LLQ with quick release induces pain in the RLQ)

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8
Q

Projection

A

A man who wants to cheat on his wife is convinced his wife is cheating on him

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9
Q

Displacement

A

Mom yells and me, then I yell at Baxter

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10
Q

Transferance

A

father who was never there for his son, now the son is in therapy but when the therapist unexpectedly cancels the son says “you obviously can not make me a priority”

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11
Q

Kimmelstein Wilson nodules

A

diabetic nephropathy

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12
Q

schizophrenia

schizophreniform

A

schizophrenia: >6 months
schizophreniform: 1-6mo

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13
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

<1 mo of schizo-like stuff

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14
Q

schizoaffective

A

> or = 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms & also history of manic or depressive episodes

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15
Q

somatization disorder

A

need at least: 4pain complaints, 2 GI, 1 sexual, 1 neuro (8 total)
symptoms are not explained by medical work up
pt usually <30
exacerbated by anxiety/depression/relationship prob

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16
Q

factitious disorder

A

person totally faking it

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17
Q

hypochondriasm

A

preoccupation/fear of disease
> or = 6 months of this
person uses excessive remedies
believes their disease to be real

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18
Q

nephrotic

A 
proteinuria (>3.5g/day) 
hypoalbumnemia (pitting edema) 
hypogammaglobulinemia
hypercoaguable
hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia
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19
Q

nephritic

A 
limited proteinuria (<3.5g/day) 
oliguria (not peeing a lot) 
azotemia (^ nitrogenous waste in the blood) 
salt retention 
periorbital edema 
HTN 
RBC casts and dysmorphic RBC in urine
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20
Q

SLE and nephritic

A

Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

most often

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21
Q

SLE and nephrotic

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

t(9;22)

A

CML
philadelphia chromosome
Bcr-Abl hybrid formation; tyrosine kinase always on
tx: imatinib

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23
Q

t(8;14)

A 
burkitt lymphoma
cmyc activation (increased proliferation)
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24
Q

t(11;14)

A

Mantle Cell lymphoma

cyclin D activation (G1 –> S phase)

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25
Q

t(14;18)

A 
Follicular cell lymphoma (aka Nonhodgkins) 
Bcl2 activation (no apoptosis, usually apoptosis is super active in the thyroid)
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26
Q

accurate

A

hit the bullseye (dead center) each time

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27
Q

precision

A

hit off center, but in the same location every time

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28
Q

t(11;22)

A

Ewing Sarcoma

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29
Q

Ashkenazi Jew (2)

A 
Tay sachs (most commonly) 
Gauchers
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30
Q

Argyl Robertson pupil

A

syph

pupil constricts to accomidate but isnt reactive to light

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31
Q

Meig’s syndrome

A

triad: 1. ovarian fibroma
2. ascites
3. pleural effusion

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32
Q

high pitched, blowing diastolic murmur

A

Aortic Regurgitation

(head bobbing, wide pulse pressures

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33
Q

low, rumbling, diastolic murmur

A

Mitral Stenosis

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34
Q

radiates to carotids, pulsus parvus et tardus

A

Aortic Stenosis (systolic murmur)

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35
Q

post herpatic neuralgia

A

tx: amylitriptiline (this is a TCA)

famcyclovir can only be given early in shingles outbreak

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36
Q

phenylalanine –> tyrosine –> dopa –> xx –> xx -> xx

A

…dopa –> dopamine –> norepi –> epi

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37
Q

the 2 diastolic murmurs

A

Aortic regurg

mitral stenosis

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38
Q

Conversion disorder

A

sudden loss of sensory or motor function following an acute stressor
most often adolescent females

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39
Q

SNRIs

A

venlafaxine, duloxetine

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40
Q

case control study magic word

A

likelihood/likely

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41
Q

cohort study magic word

A

risk

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42
Q

cross-sectional study magic word

A

prevalence (this is the “snapshot” one)

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43
Q

leading cause of death in ppl >65

A

heart disease

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44
Q

leading cause of death in ppl 45-65

A

neoplasms

45
Q

girl with unrelenting bleeding with menarche, only bleeding time is prolonged, normal blood count

A

vWF deficiency! “platelet adhesion deficiency”
(PTT may be slightly elevated)
tx: DESMOPRESSIN!!!! (cioc cards)

46
Q

is it Autosomal Recessive?

A

Kartageners, Cystic Fibrosis, Crigler Najjar

47
Q

is it Autosomal Dominant?

A

Achondroplasia’s Familial PKD met Marfans Tuberous Neurofibromatosis at MEN for hereditary huntingtons autosomal dominant von hippel landau

48
Q

is it Xlinked Recessive?

A

Wiscott, Fabry, Lesch & Duchenne met a British Ornathine Hunter with occular Albanism& hemophilia at G6PD recessive x-ing

49
Q

Beckwith Weidemann syndrome

A 
WAGR
wilms tumor (mesodermal origin)
aniridia (no iris) 
GU malformation
mental retardation

Combank also mentions: organomegaly, macroglossia, hypoglycemia (insulin resistance)

50
Q

B1

A

thiamine (think alcoholics, mamillary body degeneration)

51
Q

B2

A

riboflavin

52
Q

B3

A

niacin

defic - pellegra (the 3 D’s: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis)

53
Q

B6

A

pyridoxine

54
Q

B7

A

biotin (too much egg nog = defic)

55
Q

B9

A

folic acid

56
Q

B12

A

cobalamin

57
Q

vitamins mnemonic

A

The rhythm nearly proved fatal

B1 B2 B3 B6 B9

58
Q

Tamsulosin

A

BPH – relaxes smooth m

antagonist of alpha1 A/D Receptors

59
Q

Terbutaline

A

keep baby in there

B2 AGonist- relaxes uterus

60
Q

Teichoic acid?

LPS?

A

techoic acid – gram +

LPS - gram -

61
Q

increasing the threshold for a positive screening test (ie 120–> 130) will do what?

A

increase SPECIFICITY bc it decreases the number of fasle positives

62
Q

pure sensory stroke?

A

ventral posterolateral thalamus

63
Q

is it an exudate?

A

yes to at least 1:
ratio of pleural effusion protein: serum protein >0.5
ratio of pleural effusion LDH : serum LDH >0.6
pleural effusion LDH > upper 2/3 limit of normal serum LDH

64
Q

causes of transudate? (3)

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
nephrotic syndrome

65
Q

causes of exudate (4)

A

infection
PE
malignancy
collagen vascular disease

66
Q

dorsal columns?

A

posterior columns

do vibe/discriminate touch/proprioception

67
Q

pertussis toxin

A

inhibits Gi; get increased intracellular cAMP

68
Q

cholera toxin

A

AB toxin
stimulates Gs (Ribosylates it)
adenylate cyclase on – ^cAMP

69
Q

shiga toxin/ shiga-like toxin (EHEC)

A

inactivates 60S ribosome, decreasing host cell protein synthesis

70
Q

M protein

A

Strep pyogenes virulence (does cellulitis, strep throat, just not scarlet fever)

71
Q

Protein A

A

Staph aureus

binds Fc portion of IgG

72
Q

Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin

A

Strep pyogenese virulence for scarlet fever

73
Q

leucovorin

A

folic acid analog

74
Q

spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis (organism: Leishmania donovani)

75
Q

Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

A

Malaria

76
Q

Fever and hemolytic anemia

A

Babesiosis

77
Q

positive leukocyte esterase test

A

bacterial UTI

78
Q

Positive Nitrite test

A

gram negative Bacterial UTI

79
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, and growth retardation

A

nonspecific signs of ToRCHeS infections

80
Q

chromogranin positive

A

carcinoid tumor of the lung

81
Q

most common tumor in male smokers

A

squamous cell carcinoma (produces PTHrP)

82
Q

Kulchitsky cells

A

small cell carcinoma

83
Q

too much aldosterone

A

Conns syndrome

84
Q

too much copper

A

wilsons

tx: penacillamine

85
Q

too much iron

A

hemochromotosis (root: heme)

86
Q

eyes look toward lesion

A

Lesion in frontal eye fields

87
Q

Eyes look away from side of lesion

A

lesion in paramedian pontine reticular formation

88
Q

Nate’s old roommate was described as having Kluver-Bucy Syndrome where in the brain is the lesion? and was is the association?

A

Lesion in Amygdala
Association with HSV-1
pt is presenting as hyperorality, hypersexuality, and disinhibited behavior

89
Q

Arylsulfatase A deficiency

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

90
Q

Heart failure

A

Increase in capillary pressure

91
Q

nephrotic syndrome/liver failure

A

decrease in plasma proteins

92
Q

toxins, infections, burns

A

increase in capillary permeability

93
Q

lymphatic blockage

A

increase in interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

94
Q

The difference between FAP and HNPCC??

A

FAP= 1000 polyps

HNPCC usually less than 100 polyps or no polyps

95
Q

sickle cell anemia genetics

A

Chromosome 11–autosomal recessive

96
Q

Chediak Higashi Syndrome

A

Recurrenty pyogenic infections (staph and strep)
partial albinism
Peripheral neuropathy
defect in lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (microtubule dysfunction in phagosome lysosome fusion)

97
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura
Infections
Eczema
x-linked WASP gene on x chromosome–>Tcells unable to reorganize actin in cytoskeleton

98
Q

Mental retardation, growth retardation, seizures, fair skin, eczema, musty body odor
Tyrosine is no essential

A

Phenylketonuria

d/t decrease in phenylalanine hydroxylase or decrease in tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor

99
Q

Spherocytosis associated with???

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (which is associated with CLL)

Hereditary spherocytosis

100
Q

Overdose of Dextromethorphan (an antitussive)

A

Naloxone can be given for overdose

101
Q

Polymyostis

A

symmetric proximal muscle weakness

endomysial inflammation with CD8+ T cells

102
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

similar to polymyostis involves malar rash, heliotrope rash, “shawl and face rash”, “mechanic’s hands”
Perimysial inflammation and atrophy with CD4+Tcells

103
Q

Mallory Bodies

A

aka eosinophilic hyaline inclusion bodies

Think Alcoholic hepatitis

104
Q

levels that make up Median nerve

A

C5-T1

105
Q

Levels that make up musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5-C7

106
Q

levels that make up ulnar nerve

A

C7-T1

107
Q

Wright’s test

A

neurovascular compromise under pectoralis minor muscle at the coracoid process.

108
Q

Adson’s test

A

neurovascular bundle by tight scalene muscles

boards keep forgetting (8 decks)

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