Keef Supplemental Questions

Question 1

How is most of the calcium in the proximal tubule reabsorbed?

Answer 1

paracellularly (between cells)

Question 2

Movement of calcium into tubular epithelial cells is (up/down) an electrochemical gradient?

Answer 2

DOWN

Question 3

How much of plasma Ca+ is available for ultrafiltration?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

Decreased plasma calcium concentration leads to enhanced (blank) formation by the kidneys

Answer 4

calcitriol

Question 5

Is calcitonin essential for life?

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

Is Ca+ transport directly enhanced by PTH in both the kidney and intestinal epithelium?

Answer 6

NO!

Question 7

Slight elevation of calcium or phosphorous can lead to (blank)

Answer 7

ectopic calcification

Question 8

What percentage of calcium is found in bone and teeth? What percentage of phosphorus is in bone and teeth?

Answer 8

99%; 86%

Question 9

How much of calcium is excreted in urine? How much of phosphorus is excreted in urine?

Answer 9

1%; 10%

Question 10

Is more calcium or phosphate excreted in the feces?

Answer 10

CALCIUM

Question 11

Is more calcium or phosphate exchanged with bone daily?

Answer 11

CALCIUM

Question 12

Calcitriol enhances formation of (blank) in epithelial cells of the small intestine

Answer 12

calbindin

Question 13

Calcitriol augments the actions of (blank) in bone

Answer 13

PTH

Question 14

Calcitriol is essential for adequate absorption of (blank) by the intestine

Answer 14

calcium

Question 15

PTH enhances bone (blank), enhances (blank) levels in the renal tubule, enhances (blank) formation, and decreases (blank) reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer 15

remodeling; cAMP; calcitriol; phosphate

Question 16

PTH stimulates calcium reabsorption in the (blank) and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the (blank).

Answer 16

distal tubule; proximal tubule

Question 17

4 treatments for osteoporosis

Answer 17

1. bisphosphates
2. calcitonin
3. estrogen
4. PTH