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Block 3 Week 5 Meg > Cobine: Male Pelvis > Flashcards

Cobine: Male Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is divided into 2 regions

A

superior/greater (false) pelvis

inferior/lesser (true) pelvis

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2
Q

The inlet of the pelvic is continuous with the (blank) and is encircled by bone; the outlet is formed by the boundaries of the (blank)

A

abdominal cavity; perineum

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3
Q

General functions of the pelvis:

  1. contains/supports these organs
  2. anchoring site for (blank)
  3. connects axial and appendicular skeletons, locomotion, and attachment site for muscles.
A

bladder, rectum, anal canal, most of reproductive tract; external genitalia

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4
Q

What is the part of the bony pelvis called where it articulates with the femur?

A

acetabulum

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5
Q

Most superior portion of the bony pelvis; 3 features of this portion

A

ilium; iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine; greater sciatic notch

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6
Q

Posterior and inferior portion of the bony pelvis; 3 features of this portion

A

ischium; ischial spine, ischial tuberosity; lesser sciatic notch

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7
Q

Anterior and inferior portion of the bony pelvis; 1 feature of this portion

A

pubis; pubic tubercle

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8
Q

Differences between the male and female pelvis

A
  1. in males, iliac wings less flared
  2. in males, pelvic inlet more anteroposterior, as opposed to transversely oval in female (heart-shaped)
  3. pubic arch (subpubic angle) narrower
  4. pubic symphysis deeper (taller)
  5. ischial tuberosities INVERTED vs EVERTED in female
  6. narrower interpubic disc
  7. more curved sacrum
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9
Q

The female pelvis is generally (blank) to accomodate the passing baby during parturition

A

broader

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10
Q

What two structures (anterior –> posterior) define the true (obstetrical) conjugate (distance)

A

from sacral promontory (anteriorly) to posterosuperior margin of pubic symphysis (posteriorly)

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11
Q

Between promontory and top of pubic symphysis ~11-12 cm

A

sagittal inlet, also called obstetric or true conjugate

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12
Q

Maximum transverse diameter of pelvic inlet

A

11.5-13cm

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13
Q

Distance between ischial spines - ~9cm

A

bispinous outlet

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14
Q

Between tip of coccyx and inferior margin of pubic symphysis – ~10cm

A

sagittal outlet

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15
Q

Measured during pelvic examination as distance between the sacral promontory and the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis (approximation of sagittal inlet/obstetric conjugate measurement)

A

Diagonal conjugate

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16
Q

Female pelvic changes during pregnancy

A

Cavity of interpubic disc increases, increasing size of lesser pelvis and flexibility of pubic symphysis
Increased sex hormones + relaxin levels cause relaxation of pelvic ligaments
Coccyx can move more posteriorly
Greater relaxation = less stability

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17
Q

Does the true diameter of the pelvis change during pregnancy?

A

NO!

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18
Q

Thickened ligaments at the superior and inferior margins of the symphysis

A

interpubic disc

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19
Q

A heart-shaped pelvis, which is narrow at the front is called (blank). An almost round pelvis, which is more ideal, is called (blank).

A

android; gynecoid

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20
Q

Pelvic organs in the male

A
  1. urinary bladder
  2. ureter
  3. rectum
  4. ductus deferens
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21
Q

The peritoneum continues down from the anterior abdominal wall at the level of the (blank); covers superior surface of (blank); moves 2cm inferiorly/posteriorly; covers (blank) superiorly; lines the (blank) fossa posteriorly; covers the anterior and lateral sides of the (blank); and becomes sigmoid mesocolon at (blank)

A

pubic bone; bladder; seminal vesicles; rectovesicular; rectum; S3

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22
Q

Aninflammation of theperitoneum, may result frominfection or from a non-infectious process; untreated, sepsis. Where are places where fluid can accumulate in the event of infection?

A

Peritonitis; deep recesses like the rectovesical pouch

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23
Q

The rectum does not have these two things.
It has (blank) transverse rectal folds.
This portion receives and holds fecal material.
These arteries supply the rectum.

A

teniae, fatty appendages
3
ampulla
superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries

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24
Q

When the bladder is empty, where is it located?

When the bladder is full, where is it located?

A

lesser pelvis; greater pelvis

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25
Q

What allows for distensibility of the bladder?

A

retropubic space

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26
Q

This structure is present at the neck of the bladder and prevents retrograde transport of semen

A

urethral sphincter

27
Q

Fundus of the bladder is separated from the rectum by the (blank) and ampullae of the ductus deferentes laterally

A

seminal glands

28
Q

The bladder neck is anchored by a pair of fibromuscular bands connecting it and the pelvic urethra to the pubic bone – In females, (blank) ligaments, in males, (blank) ligaments. These ligaments work with the perineal membrane & associated muscles to support the bladder.

A

pubovesical ligaments; puboprostatic ligaments

29
Q

What supplies the anterosuperior portion of the bladder?
What supplies the fundus and neck of the bladder?
What other arteries are involved?

A

superior vesical arteries; inferior vesical arteries; obturator arteries and inferior gluteal arteries

30
Q

Pelvic veins follow the course of all branches of the internal iliac artery EXCEPT the (blank) and (blank) arteries

A

umbilical; iliolumbar

31
Q

Veins drain into the (blank) veins which in turn drain into the common iliac veins

A

internal iliac

32
Q

What is the venous plexus that supplies the bladder? What is the venous plexus that supplies the prostate? What is unique about these two plexuses?

A

vesical venous plexus; prostatic venous plexus; they are continuous

33
Q

Vesical venous plexus mostly drains bladder through the inferior vesical veins into the (blank) veins

A

internal iliac

34
Q

Envelops fundus of bladder, prostate, seminal glands, ductus deferens, inferior ureter and receives blood from the deep dorsal vein of the penis (which drains the erectile tissue

A

vesical venous plexus and prostatic plexus

35
Q

The ureter enters the pelvic cavity by crossing the pelvic brim superior to the iliac vessels, passing over the (blank) of the common iliac artery into internal and external iliacs and enters the bladder at an oblique angle

A

bifurcation

36
Q

Where does the ductus deferens cross in relation to the ureter and the bladder?

A

ductus deferens crosses OVER the ureter as the ductus deferens travels POSTERIOR to the bladder

37
Q 
Testes
Epididymides
Ductus deferentes
Seminal glands
Ejaculatory ducts (combination of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles)
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
A

Male internal genital organs

38
Q

Do seminal glands store sperm? What do they secrete?

A

NO; secrete thick alkaline fluid containing fructose and a coagulating agent

39
Q

The duct of the seminal gland joins the (blank) to form the ejaculatory duct

A

ductus deferens

40
Q

Blood supply to seminal glands

A

vesical and middle rectal arteries and veins

41
Q

How many lobes does the prostate gland have?

A

5 lobes: anterior, posterior, right and left, median

42
Q

Lobe of prostate: also called the isthmus, lies anterior to the urethra, little glandular tissue

A

anterior lobe

43
Q

Lobe of prostate: lies posterior to the urethra, and INFERIOR to the ejaculatory duct, palpable with rectal exam

A

posterior lobe

44
Q

Lobe of prostate: lies BETWEEN the urethra and ejaculatory ducts, projection of this lobe is partially responsible for the formation of the uvula that can project into the internal urethral orifice and cause bladder problems in males

A

median lobe

45
Q

Blood supply of prostate gland

A

inferior vesical, middle rectal, internal pudendal arteries

46
Q

What drains the prostate gland? What is this continuous with?

A

prostatic venous plexus (drains to internal iliac veins); continuous with vesical venous plexus and the internal vertebral venous plexus

47
Q

4 portions of urethra

A
  1. preprostatic
  2. prostatic
  3. membranous
  4. spongy
48
Q

Secretions from the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles are mixed by convergence of their ducts into the (blank). The ejaculatory ducts then converge and open on the (blank) by slit-like openings within the opening of the prostatic utricle.

A

ejaculatory ducts; seminal colliculus

49
Q

Prostatic ducts empty into the (blank) urethra after the termination of the ejaculatory ducts

A

prostatic

50
Q

Secretions from the bulbourethral glands enter the (blank) urethra through their ducts which are located distal to the external urethral sphincter

A

spongy

51
Q

Sperm is made in the (blank), passes into the (blank) and (blank) where it can be stored. During emission, it travels up the ductus deferens to its (blank). Sperm join with secretions from the seminal gland in the (blank). Secretions are added from the (blank) and (blank) glands.

A

testis; epididymis; ductus deferens; ampulla; ejaculatory duct; prostate; bulbourethral

52
Q

Sperm is ejaculated with seminal secretions from the penis by the (blank), leaving the penis at the (blank)

A

urethra; external urethral orifice

53
Q

Generate 60% of total semen volume; secretes ALKALINE semen

A

seminal vesicles

54
Q

What are these components of semen from the seminal vesicles

  1. nutrition
  2. protection
  3. motility/protection
  4. clotting, keeps semen inside female repro tract
A
  1. fructose
  2. ascorbic acid
  3. prostaglandins
  4. fibrinogen
55
Q

Generates 20% of total semen volume; generates SLIGHTLY ACIDIC semen

A

prostate gland

56
Q

What are these components of?
Zinc – stability of chromatin
Citric Acid – protection
Acid Phosphatase - elevated in prostate cancer
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) – liquefies semen, dissolves cervical mucus, elevated in prostate cancer
Pro(fibrinolysin) – liquefies coagulated semen

A

prostate gland semen

57
Q

These two components of prostate gland semen are elevated in prostate cancer

A

acid phosphatase; prostate specific antigen

58
Q

Contribute less than 1% of total semen volume; made up of galactose, mucus, PRE-EJACULATE, phosphate and bicarb buffers

A

bulbourethral gland

59
Q

common after middle age affecting almost every male; the enlarged prostate projects into the bladder and impedes urine flow by obstructing the prostatic urethra; common symptoms include nocturia, dysuria, and urgency

A

benign hypertrophy of the prostate

60
Q

What lobe of the prostate is most commonly enlarged?

A

median

61
Q

Most common lobe for prostatic carcinoma?

A

posterior prostatic lobe

62
Q

Prostate cancers metastasize both through (blank) routes and via (blank) routes

A

lymphatic (internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes to more distant lymph nodes); venous (internal vertebral venous plexus to the vertebrae and brain)

63
Q

What 3 things make up the linea terminalis?

A
  1. pectineal line
  2. arcuate line
  3. sacral promonotory

Block 3 Week 5 Meg (8 decks)

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