KCP1 Obesity Flashcards
Cyanide blocks the flow of electrons along the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the metabolic effect of this poison?
Proton gradient would disappear
Which complex of the electron transport chain is unable to generate sufficient free energy to power ATP synthesis?
Complex II (contains succinate dehydrogenase)
Define obesity.
Systemic, chronic low grade inflammation
Two hypothalamic centres that control energy balance
Orexigenic and anorexigenic
Name an important hormone of adipose tissue that is involved in energy balance and explain the mechanism.
Leptin. It suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. It is secreted by adipose tissue via anorexigenic pathway. It is released by POMC/CART neurons. Consequently, it leads to change in behaviours.
Explain how obesity leads to hyperglycaemia?
Increase lipolysis, increase in fatty acid
Impair insulin sensitivity which leads to insulin resistance
Glucose is not converted to glycogen
High level of glucose in plasma
Leads to hyperglycaemia
List out some consequences of obesity and what these disorders are collectively called?
Congested heart failure
Hypertension
NAFLD non-alchoholic fatty liveer disease
Renal failure
They are called metabolic syndrome
Which of the following are not converted to glucose in the liver?
Lactate, glycerol, alanine, cholesterol
Cholesterol
Gluconeogenesis and glucogen synthesis/degradation occur in
Gluconeogenesis: liver & kidney
Glycogen synthesis & degradation/ glycogenesis & glycogenolysis : liver & muscle
The synthesis of fatty acids from glucose in the liver utilizes?
A carboxylation reaction at the first step
The statement below is about the synthesis of fatty acids form glucose in the liver. T/F?
It requires NADPH derived solely from the pentode phosphate pathway.
False. NADPH can also be derived from organic enzymes.
Familial dyslipidaemia
Type I hyperchylomicronemia’s pathophysiology?
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency/ altered ApoC II
resulting in high lvl of chylomicrons, TG and cholesterol
Familial dyslipidaemia
Tangier disease is due to
Very rare deficiency of ABCA1
leading to severe reduction in HDL
Familial dyslipidaemia
Type IIa familial hypercholesterolemia’s pathophysiology
Absent/ defective LDL receptors
leading to high lvl of LDL & cholesterol
Familial dyslipidaemia
Type IV hypertriglyceridemia
Due to hepatic overproduction of VLDL
Leading to high lvl of VLDL and TG