KCP1 Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanide blocks the flow of electrons along the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the metabolic effect of this poison?

A

Proton gradient would disappear

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2
Q

Which complex of the electron transport chain is unable to generate sufficient free energy to power ATP synthesis?

A

Complex II (contains succinate dehydrogenase)

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3
Q

Define obesity.

A

Systemic, chronic low grade inflammation

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4
Q

Two hypothalamic centres that control energy balance

A

Orexigenic and anorexigenic

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5
Q

Name an important hormone of adipose tissue that is involved in energy balance and explain the mechanism.

A

Leptin. It suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. It is secreted by adipose tissue via anorexigenic pathway. It is released by POMC/CART neurons. Consequently, it leads to change in behaviours.

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6
Q

Explain how obesity leads to hyperglycaemia?

A

Increase lipolysis, increase in fatty acid
Impair insulin sensitivity which leads to insulin resistance
Glucose is not converted to glycogen
High level of glucose in plasma
Leads to hyperglycaemia

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7
Q

List out some consequences of obesity and what these disorders are collectively called?

A

Congested heart failure
Hypertension
NAFLD non-alchoholic fatty liveer disease
Renal failure

They are called metabolic syndrome

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8
Q

Which of the following are not converted to glucose in the liver?
Lactate, glycerol, alanine, cholesterol

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

Gluconeogenesis and glucogen synthesis/degradation occur in

A

Gluconeogenesis: liver & kidney
Glycogen synthesis & degradation/ glycogenesis & glycogenolysis : liver & muscle

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10
Q

The synthesis of fatty acids from glucose in the liver utilizes?

A

A carboxylation reaction at the first step

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11
Q

The statement below is about the synthesis of fatty acids form glucose in the liver. T/F?

It requires NADPH derived solely from the pentode phosphate pathway.

A

False. NADPH can also be derived from organic enzymes.

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12
Q

Familial dyslipidaemia
Type I hyperchylomicronemia’s pathophysiology?

A

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency/ altered ApoC II
resulting in high lvl of chylomicrons, TG and cholesterol

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13
Q

Familial dyslipidaemia
Tangier disease is due to

A

Very rare deficiency of ABCA1
leading to severe reduction in HDL

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14
Q

Familial dyslipidaemia
Type IIa familial hypercholesterolemia’s pathophysiology

A

Absent/ defective LDL receptors
leading to high lvl of LDL & cholesterol

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15
Q

Familial dyslipidaemia
Type IV hypertriglyceridemia

A

Due to hepatic overproduction of VLDL
Leading to high lvl of VLDL and TG

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16
Q

Which diet will result in weight loss and sustainable in the long term?

A

Reduced calorie diet, irrespective of macronutrient composition

17
Q

Low carb diet induces

A

Weight loss, lower triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol

18
Q

How to prevent weight regain after weight loss?

A

Maintain a low calorie, low fat diet and high levels of physical activity