Katies SLP 654 Final

Question 1

What is Focused Attention?

Answer 1

The ability to respond discreetly to specific visual, auditory or tactile stimuli

Question 2

What is sustained attention?

Answer 2

Ability to sustain attention continuously over time

Question 3

What is selective attention?

Answer 3

• The ability to focus on the task at hand
• Individuals have difficulty with background noise confrontation naming probe task could be manipulated by adding or minimizing visual clutter or noise

Question 4

What is alternating attention?

Answer 4

• The ability to switch between two tasks that have different cognitive demand (reading recipe, cooking then coming back to read again)

Question 5

What is divided attention?

Answer 5

Being able to multi task

Question 6

What are the models of attention?

Answer 6

1. Focused
2. Sustained
3. Selective
4. Alternating
5. Divides

Question 7

What are the models of memory?

Answer 7

1. short term
2. working
3. long term
4. implicit
5. explicit

Question 8

What is short term memory?

Answer 8

Limited information (3-5 items) for short duration (minutes to hours)

Question 9

What is long term memory?

Answer 9

Permanent. Unlimited capacity

Question 10

What is implicit memory?

Answer 10

• referred to as nondeclarative memory, does not require the conscious or explicit recollection of past events/information, and the individual is unaware that remembering has occurred
• ex: riding a bike

Question 11

What is Explicit Memory?

Answer 11

free recall; devoted to processing of names, dates, places, facts, events, and so forth.

Question 12

What is working memory?

Answer 12

Intersection between attention and memory
“Set of processes that permits us to hold on to information until it is utilized or encoded, or to keep stored information readily available”

Question 13

What is restorative and compensatory intervention for : MEMORY

Answer 13

• Restorative/generalized memory intervention approaches
• Memory practice drills
• Mnemonic strategy training
• Prospective memory training
• Metamemory training

Question 14

what is errorless learning? (compensatory)

Answer 14

a method of instruction that reduces errors in the acquisition phase (provide sufficient practice

Question 15

What is spaced retrieval?

Answer 15

-Can be particularly effective for learning and adaptation. —The individual practices successfully recalling information over progressively longer intervals of time.

Question 16

Challenging behaviors: What behaviors are present

Answer 16

Disinhibition
Impulsivity
Socially inappropriate behavior
Lack of initiation
Confabulation
Pseudobulbar affect

Question 17

Challenging behaviors: What management strategies exists?

Answer 17

Models 
Common behavioral problems 
Multiple origins 
Approaches 
Family and staff education

Question 18

TBI Severity Rating:

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 18

Mild: 13-15
Moderate: 9-12
Severe: 3-8  
Verbal Response 
Eye Gaze 
Motor Response

Question 19

TBI Severity Rating:

Duration of loss of conciousness

Answer 19

Mild: < 30 minutes
Moderate: 30 min - 24 hours
Severe: > 24 hours

Question 20

TBI severity Rating:

PTA (post traumatic amnesia)

Answer 20

Mild: < 24 hours
Moderate: 1-7 days
Severe: >7 days

Question 21

Military

What is a blast injury?

Answer 21

An injury based on impact ex:bomb

Question 22

Military:

What are special considerations?

Answer 22

Primary injury
-Direct impact from over-pressure wave, compress air filled organs, catapults body backward
Secondary injury
-Energized debris/explosive fragments impact head/body
Tertiary injury
-Body impacts with wall/ground/object
Quarternary injury
-Inhalation of toxic gasses/substances

Question 23

Children: *****

Facts and figures related to prevalence/incidence and recovery

Answer 23

Of children who acquired brain injury

• 80% → MILD
• 10% → MODERATE
• 10% → SEVERE
• 98% are NOT referred to special ed → 2% are

Question 24

Children:

Special considerations when working with children

Answer 24

GenEd supports
-Student study team
-RTI
Special Ed
-504 accommodations plan
-Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) : for ch up to 3
-Individual Education Plan (IEP): parents can request IN WRITING 3-21age

Question 25

Children with BI & the SLP | MEMORY

Answer 25

- Cannot remember 2-3 step directions | - Has difficulty remembering the daily schedule, homework assignments, needed class materials.

Question 26

Children with BI & the SLP: | ATTENTION & CONCENTRATION

Answer 26

- Distracted by normal classroom activity. | - Delayed in responding to questions.

Question 27

Children with BI & the SLP: | EXECUTIVE & PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS

Answer 27

- Lacks ability to sequence steps necessary to plan an activity. - Unable to come up with solutions to problem situations.

Question 28

Children with BI & the SLP: | LANGUAGE

Answer 28

- Has difficulty turn taking | - Unable to summarize and articulate thoughts

Question 29

Children with BI & the SLP: | VISUO-SPATIAL SKILLS

Answer 29

- Has difficulty completing simple math problems when presented with a worksheet. - Becomes disoriented in the hallway, has difficulty finding their path to classes.

Question 30

Children with BI & the SLP: | BEHAVIOR AND EMOTION

Answer 30

- Inappropriate social behavior | - lacks self-confidence

Question 31

What are the fundamentals requirements in working with families?

Answer 31

1. Practitioners need to exercise EXCELLENT listening and interview skills 2. Clinical collaborations are most useful when practitioners have UP-To-DATE KNOWLEDGE about brain injury. 3. Practitioners need to hone their OBSERVATIONAL SKILLS 4. Practitioners need to be FLEXIBLE; txt focuses change→priorities shift, that is okay. 5. Practitioners need to STRUCTURE TX that meets needs of fam. and help them implement strategies

Question 32

What are ethical standards?

Answer 32

1. Respect 2. Beneficence 3. Autonomy 4. non discrimination 5. loyalty 6. truthfulness 7. competence 8. compliance 9. confidentiality

Question 33

What is HIPAA? Health insurance portability and accountability act

Answer 33

- Limits the non-consensual use and release of PHI (protected health information) - Gives individuals new rights to access their medical records and to know who else has accessed them. - Restricts most disclosure of health information to the minimum needed for the intended purpose of providing health care. - Established new criminal and civil standards for improper use of disclosure. - Established new requirements for access to records by researchers and others.

Question 34

Cultural competency

Answer 34

1. encourage 1st use of language 2. provide bilingual and multilingual signs 3. provide books and materials in many languages 4. provide opportunities for ppl from similar groups and lang to gather

Question 35

Outcome measures: | what are some of the validated tools used early after injury

Answer 35

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Loss of consciousness (LOC), measured in duration Measures of post traumatic amnesia (PTA)

Question 36

Outcome measures: | what are some of the validated tools used in acute rehabilitation

Answer 36

- FIM - Functional independence measures and FAM (functional assessment measures) - require formal training 12 physical and 6 cognitive ratings, with 12 additional questions that add onto original FIM score to provide more detail into function. - Disability rating scale - research instrument, antiquated - Rancho los amigos level of cognitive functioning scale (LCFS) 1-8 point score based on level of cognitive function.

Question 37

Outcome measures: | what are some of the validated tools used in outpatient rehab and community

Answer 37

- Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique and short form (CHART/CHART-SF) - 32 questions across physical, cognitive, mobility, occupation, social interaction, and economic self-sufficiency. - Mayo-portland adaptability index (MPAI-4). - Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O) - designed for mod-severe BI. Scores on out and about, productivity, and social relations. - All of these are public domain, meaning accessible and free to use.