Karst

Question 1

Characteristics of karst topography

Answer 1

A topography consisting of numerous depressions called sinkholes . A type of terrain usually formed on carbonate rock, such as limestone, where ground water has an large openings in the rock to form features such as caves, sinkholes, springs and losing streams

Question 2

Factors necessary for karst to form

Answer 2

Carbonate rock, like limestone, rain, enough seismic activity to create cracks in limestone type rocks , which are not naturally porous

Question 3

Karst features

Answer 3

Caves, springs, losing streams, sinkholes, underground streams, estavelles (holes that can function as either sink holes or Springs, depending on the groundwater level)
Karst (solution) valleys - coalesced sinkholes

Question 4

Speleothems and first to form

Answer 4

Soda straws are the first speleothems to form . A structure formed In a cave by the deposition of minerals from water

Question 5

Possible problems when humans building in karst areas including solution valley shown in Springfield, house in Nixa

Answer 5

Groundwater contamination, jeopardize drinking water

Question 6

Groundwater and water in general in US

Answer 6

Water in the zone of saturation
Most water used in California
Most commonly used agriculture

Question 7

What is groundwater used for

Answer 7

Drinking water and agriculture

Question 8

Water table

Answer 8

Top of the zone of saturation

Question 9

Zones of aeration

Answer 9

Rock with air in its holes or cracks

Question 10

Zones of saturation

Answer 10

Rock with groundwater in it’s holes or cracks

Question 11

Cone of depression

Answer 11

Lower the water table in areas in which intense well water extraction has occurred. often has cone shape

Question 12

Situation of aquifers in Springfield area

Answer 12

Two limestone aquifers with a shale layer between them. The shale is impervious to water so it won’t let water pass-through. So pollutants in the polluted upper aquifer generally can’t get through to the lower unpolluted aquifer. Wells in upper aquifer are usually contaminated, wells in lower aquifer are generally not. There are now well drilling regulations that specify that will have to be quite deep in this area, and that Wells must be cased, they must have a clay or other impervious lining