Kaplan's 500: Review Flashcards
Acidulous (adj.)
sour in taste or manner
The ACIDULOUS taste of the spoiled milk made the young boy’s lips pucker.
SYN: acerbic; acetous; biting; piquant; pungent; tart
Amortize (verb)
to diminish by installment payments
While college students are notorious for accumulating credit card debt, they are not as well known for AMORTIZING it.
SYN: decrease; reduce
Affected (adj.)
phony; artificial
The AFFECTED hairdresser spouted French phrases, though he had never been to France.
SYN: insincere; pretentious; put-on
Bonhomie (noun)
good-natured geniality; an atmosphere of good cheer
The aspects of her job that Dana loved the most were the flexible hours and the pleasant BONHOMIE in the office.
SYN: affability; amiability; cordiality; geniality
Impetus (noun)
stimulation or encouragement resulting in increased activity
Decorum (noun)
appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety
The countess complained that the vulgar peasants lacked the DECORUM appropriate for a visit to the palace.
SYN: correctness; decency; etiquette; manners; mores; propriety; seemliness
Condone (verb)
to overlook, pardon, or disregard
Some theorists believe that failing to prosecute minor crimes is the same as CONDONING an air of lawlessness.
SYN: exculpate; excuse; pardon; remit
Cupidity (adj.)
greed; strong desire
Aladin and Abu stared at the jules in the Cave of Wonders with CUPIDITY
SYN: avarice; covetousness; rapacity
comme il faut (adj.)
“as it should be;” correct or correctly
SYN: appropriate; courteous; polite
Jingoist (noun)
nationalistic chauvinist
Corroborate (verb)
to support with evidence
All the DA needed were fingerprints to CORROBORATE the witness’s testimony that he saw the defendant in the victim’s department.
SYN: authenticate; back; buttress; confirm
Disabuse (verb)
to set right; to free from error
Galileo’s observations DISABUSED scholars of the notion that the sun revolved around the Earth.
SYN: correct; undecieve
Dogmatic (adj.)
dictatorial in one’s opinions
SYN: imperious; prepemptory
Dither (verb)
to act confusedly or without clear purpose
Ellen DITHERED around her apartment, uncertain how to tackle the family crisis.
Dissonance (noun)
a harsh and disagreeable combination, especially of sounds
Attempting to recall previous vocabulary words with similar definitions and/or spellings is creating much cognitive DISSONANCE.
SYN: clash; contention; discord; dissension; dissent; dissidence; friction; strife; variance
Deference (noun)
respect; courtesy
The respectful young law clerk treated the Supreme Court Justice with the utmost DEFERENCE.
SYN: courtesy; homage; honor; obeisance; respect; reverence; veneration
Doctrinaire (adj.)
rigidly devoted to theories without regard for practicality; dogmatic
Diffident (adj.)
lacking self-confidence
Steve was DIFFIDENT during the job interview because of his nervous nature and lack of experience in the field.
SYN: backward; bashful; coy; demure; modest; retiring; self-effacing; shy; timid
Contumacious (adj.)
rebellious
DaeNeshya and Maqwai are very contumacious teenagers; they often run out of the classroom to avoid completing their assignments.
SYN: factious; insubordinate; insurgent; mutinous; rebellious; seditious
Encomium (noun)
warm praise
She wrote an encomium in praise of the outgoing president.
Equivocate (verb)
to use expressions of double-meaning in order to mislead
When faced with criticism of his policies, the politician EQUIVOCATED and left all parties thinking he agreed with them.
SYN: ambiguous; evasive; waffling
Euphony (noun)
pleasant, harmonious sound
Ephemeral (adj.)
lasting only a short time
The lives of mayflies seem EPHEMERAL to us, since the flies’ average lifespan is a matter of hours.
SYN: evanescent; fleeting; momentary; transient
Ethos (noun)
the beliefs or character of a group
It is the Boy Scouts’ ETHOS that one should always be prepared.
SYN: culture; ethic; philosophy
Edify (verb)
to instruct morally and spiritually
The guru was paid to EDIFY the actress in the ways of Buddhism.
SYN: enlighten; guide; teach; educate
Efficacy (noun)
effectiveness
SYN: dynamism; efficiency; force
Eulogy (noun)
a speech in praise of someone
SYN: commend; extol; laud
Enigma (noun)
a puzzle; a mystery
conundrum; perplexity
Eloquent (adj.)
persuasive and moving, especially in speech
Engender (verb)
to produce, cause, or bring about
His fear and hatred of clowns was ENGENDERED when he witnessed a bank-robbery carried out by five men wearing clown suits and makeup.
SYN: beget; generate; spawn
Erudite (adj.)
learned; scholarly; bookish
Droll (adj.)
amusing in a wry, subtle way
Hapless (adj.)
unfortunate; having bad luck
I wish someone would give that pour, hapless soul some food and shelter.
SYN: ill-fated; jinxed; luckless
Garrulous (adj.)
tending to talk a lot
SYN: effusive; loquacious
Imbue (verb)
to infuse, dye, wet, or moisten
Marcia struggled to IMBUE her children with decent values.
SYN: charge; freight; impregnate; permeate; pervade
Forestall (verb)
to prevent or delay; anticipate
The landlord FORESTALLED TJ’s attempt to avoid paying the rent by waiting for him outside his door.
SYN: obviate; preclude; avert; deter; hinder
Fractious (adj.)
unruly; rebellious
The general had a hard time maintaining discipline among his FRACTIOUS troops.
SYN: contentious; cranky; quarellsome
Gambol (verb)
to dance or skip around playfully
Foment (verb)
to arouse or incite
Fecund (adj.)
fertile; fruitful; productive
Rachel hopes to have great fecundity in her child-bearing years. Which she hopes are very very soon.
Glib (adj.)
fluent in an insincere manner; off-hand; casual
SYN: superficial
Gregarious (adj.)
outgoing; sociable
Social butterflies are, by definition, GREGARIOUS
SYN: affable; communicative; congenial
Hegemony (noun)
the domination of one state or group over its allies
When Germany claimed HEGEMONY over Russia, Stalin was outraged.
SYN: authority; power
Hoary (adj.)
very old; whitish from old age
Husband (verb)
to manage economically; to use sparingly
Iconoclast (noun)
one who opposes established beliefs, customs, and institutions.
His lack of regard for traditional beliefs soon established him as an ICONOCLAST.
SYN: maverick; nonconformist; rebel; revolutionary
Investiture (noun)
ceremony conferring authority
Intransigent (adj.)
uncompromising; refusing to be reconciled
The professor was INTRANSIGENT on the deadline, insisting that everyone turn the assignment in at the same time.
SYN: implacable; inexorable; irreconcilable; obdurate; obstinate; remorseless; rigid; unbending; unrelenting; unyielding
Intractable (adj.)
not easily managed or manipulated
INTRACTABLE for hours, the wild horse eventually allowed for the rider to mount.
SYN: stubborn; unruly
Implacable (adj.)
unable to calm down or be made peaceful
His rage at the betrayal was so great that he was implacable for weeks.
SYN: inexorable; intransigent; irreconcilable; relentless; remorseless; unforgiving
Impetuous (adj.)
quick to act without thinking
I didn’t think, and then I acted. Impetuously.
SYN: impulsive; precipitate
Intransigent (adj.)
refusing to agree or compromise; inflexible; unyielding
innocuous (adj.)
harmless
insurrection (noun)
rebellion
Ingratiate (verb)
to gain favor through effort
The new intern tried to INGRATIATE herself with the managers so that they might consider her for a future job.
SYN: curry; flavor; flatter
Intrepid (adj.)
fearless
Impugn (verb)
to call into question; to attack verbally
“How dare you impugn my motives?!” protested the lawyer, on being accused of ambulance chasing.
SYN: challenge; dispute
imperturbable (adj.)
not able to be disturbed
SYN: composed; dispassionate; impassive; serene; stoical
Incardanine (adj.)
blood-red
Inure (verb)
to harden; accustom
Eventually, Hassad became INURED to the sirens that went off every night and could sleep through them.
SYN: familiarize; condition; habituate
Invective (noun)
abusive language
My students sometimes shout streams of INVECTIVES.
SYN: denunciation; revilement; vituperation
Jingoism (noun)
belligerent support of one’s own country
The professor’s JINGOISM made it difficult for the students to participate in an open political discussion.
SYN: chauvinism; nationalism
Jocular (adj.)
playful; humorous
Irascible (adj.)
easily angered
Itinerant (adj.)
wandering from place to place; unsettled
The ITINERANT tomcat came back to the Quinn homestead every two months.
SYN: nomadic; vagrant
Licentious (adj.)
immoral; unrestrained by society
Lissome (adj.)
limber; agile; lithe
Limpid (adj.)
clear; transparent
SYN: lucid; pellucid; serene
Loquacious (adj.)
talkative
Machination (noun)
a plot or scheme
Levity (noun)
an inappropriate lack of seriousness
The joke added a jarring note of LEVITY to the otherwise serious meeting.
Listless (adj.)
lacking energy and enthusiasm
SYN: faineant; indolent; languid; lethargic; sluggish
Mendacious (adj.)
dishonest
Mendicant (noun)
beggar
Some Street Sense vendors come across as MENDICANTS, pleading for money rather than trying to sell a paper.
Monastic (adj.)
extremely plain or secluded, as in a monastery
The philosopher retired to his MONASTIC lodgings to contemplate life free from any worldly distraction.
SYN: austere; contemplative; self-abnegating
Mores (noun)
fixed customs or manners; moral attitudes
SYN: conventions; practices
Multifarious (adj.)
diverse
Ken opened the hotel room window, letting in the MULTIFARIOUS noises of the great city.
SYN: assorted; heterogeneous; legion; varied
Neologism (noun)
new word or expression
Invidious (adj.)
envious, obnoxious, or offensive; likely to promote ill-will
It is cruel and INVIDIOUS for parents to play favorites with their children.
SYN: discriminatory; jaundiced; insulting; resentful
Lugubrious (adj.)
sorrowful; mournful; dismal
Inexorable (adj.)
inflexible; unyielding
The INEXORABLE force of the hurricane swept away the house.
SYN: adamant; obdurate; relentless
Mollify (verb)
to calm; to make less severe
Their argument was so intense that it was difficult to believe any compromise could MOLLIFY them.
SYN: apease; assuage; conciliate; pacify
Nadir (noun)
lowest point
Myopic (adj.)
short-sighted; lacking foresight
Not wanting to spend a lot of money up front, the MYOPIC business owner would likely suffer the consequences later
Nascent (adj.)
starting to develop; coming into existence
The ad-campaign was still at a NASCENT stage, and nothing had been finalized yet.
SYN: inchoate; embryonic; incipient; emerging
Punctilious (adj.)
careful; finicky
Militate (verb)
to work against
Meretricious (adj.)
falsely attractive
SYN: flashy; gaudy; loud; specious; insincere
Misanthrope (noun)
a person who dislikes others
Mercurial (adj.)
quick, shrewd, and unpredictable
Obviate (verb)
to make redundant; to anticipate (and prevent)
Obdurate (adj.)
hardened in feeling
The group-member was completely OBDURATE on the issue: no amount of persuasion would change her mind.
SYN: inflexible; intransigent; recacitrant; tenacious; unyielding
Opprobrium (noun)
public disgrace
SYN: disrepute; ignominy; obloquy; shame
Ostentation (noun)
excessive showiness
SYN: flashiness; pretentiousness
Ostensible (adj.)
apparent
Laconic (adj.)
using few words
SYN: taciturn
Palliate (verb)
to make less serious; to ease
The alleged crime was so vicious that the defense lawyer could not PALLIATE it for the jury.
SYN: allieve; assuage; extenuate; mitigate; placate
Lachrymose (adj.)
tearful
Orotund (adj.)
pompous
SYN: aureate; bombastic; euphuistic; grandiloquent; magniloquent; sonorous; overblown; oratorial
Occlude (verb)
to block
Obsequious (adj.)
overly submissive; eager to please
SYN: compliant; deferential; servile
Obstinate (adj.)
stubborn; unyielding
SYN: intransigent; mulish; persistent; pertinacious
Officious (adj.)
too helpful; meddlesome
Noisome (adj.)
stinking; putrid
Nominal (adj.)
existing in name only; negligible
SYN: minimal; titular
Neophyte (noun)
novice; beginner
SYN: apprentice; greenhorn; tyro
Calumny (noun)
a misrepresentation; a false/malicious accusation
Craven (adj.)
lacking courage
Arrogate (verb)
to claim without justification
Gretchen watched in astonishment as her boss ARROGATED the credit for her brilliant work on the project.
SYN: presume; appropriate; take
Approbation (noun)
approval and praise
SYN: acclaim; adulation; extolment; praise
Anodyne (noun)
something that calms or soothes pain
SYN: nepenthe; opiate
Distaff (noun)
the maternal branch of a family
I’m losing my hair because of the genetics on the distaff’s side of my family.
Dilatory (adj.)
intended to delay
The congressman used DILATORY measures to delay the passage of the bill.
Desultory (adj.)
jumping from one thing to another; disconnected
SYN: aimless; disconnected; erratic; objectless; unplanned
Demur (verb)
to express doubts or objections
Geocentric model of the solar system? Galileo had to DEMUR.
SYN: dissent; expostulate; protest; remonstrate
Expurgate (verb)
to censor
SYN: bowdlerize
Exigent (adj.)
urgent
Effrontery (noun)
impudent boldness
SYN: brashness; temerity; presumption; gall
Enervate (verb)
to weaken
Ebullient (adj.)
exhilarated
SYN: ardent; avid; bubbly; zestful
Iniquity (noun)
a sin; an evil act
SYN: enormity; wickedness; injustice