Kaplan Ch. 6 - DNA And Biotechnology Flashcards
Key concept: in what direction is DNA read?
In what direction is DNA written?
5’ to 3’
5’ to 3’
Mnemonic to remember the pyrimidines:
CUT the PYe
Cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimidines
Pie has 1 ring of crust, pyrimidines have 1 ring in their structure
Mnemonic to remember purines:
PURe As Gold
Purines are adenosine and guanine
In a wedding there are 2 gold rings, purines have 2 rings in their structures
What are the 4 tenants of Watson and Crick’s model of DNA?
1) 2 strands are antiparallel
2) sugar phosphate backbone is on the outside with bases on the inside
3) there is specific base paring (A with T via 2 hydrogen bonds and G with C via 3 hydrogen bonds)
4) the amount of A = the amount of T
The amount of G = the amount of C
What is the length of a turn in nm and in bases?
3.4nm and 10 bases (5 base pairs)
DNA polymerase is an exception to the rules about reading and writing DNA. What direction does it read DNA? What direction does it write DNA?
Reads DNA 3’ to 5’
Writes DNA 5’ to 3’
In a single strand of DNA, what does the 5’ end have?
A free phosphate group that doesn’t participate in a phosphodiester bond
Northern blot
Used to detect RNA
RNA separated by electrophoresis first then transferred to membrane and incubated with probe to detect RNA of interest
Southern blot
Used to detect DNA
DNA separated by electrophoresis first then transferred to membrane and incubated with probe to detect DNA of interest
Eastern blot
Used to analyze protein post translational modifications (I.e attached carbohydrates, phosphorylation, lipids, etc.)
Considered an extension of western blotting
Western blot
Used to separate and identify proteins
Proteins first separated via SDS PAGE then transferred to membrane and incubated with probe to detect protein of interest
