Kaplan Ch. 3 - Nonenzymatic Protein Function Flashcards
Collagen:
1) what is the shape of collagen?
2) what 2 qualities does it provider tissue?
1) Tri-helix
2) strength and flexibility
What is the primary function of elastin?
To stretch and recoil like spring
Keratin:
1) what type of fiber is keratin?
2) what qualities does keratin impart on cells?
1) an intermediate filament
2) Contributes to mechanical integrity and function as regulatory proteins
Actin:
1) how abundant is this protein?
2) how do motor proteins travel along actin?
1) it is the most abundant protein in the cell
2) actin has a positively charged end and a negatively charged end. The motor proteins travel along actin unidirectionally
Tubulin:
1) what structure is made of this protein?
2) what 3 major functions does Tubman perform for the cell?
1) microtubules
2) a - structure
b - separation of chromosomes
c - interacts with motor proteins and moves them through cell, negative end near nucleus and positive end in outer locations of cell
What is the relationship between actin and myosin?
Actin and myosin form the thin and thick filaments of muscle fibers, respectively. Actin is the structural protein and myosin is the motor protein.
What is a binding protein?
Proteins that bind to other molecules to transport of sequester them for some purpose
What is a cell adhesion molecule?
CAMs are proteins on the surface of the cell that help it bind to the extracellular matrix of other cells (think zona pellucida helping spermatozoa bind to oocyte)
What are the 3 main types of CAMS?
Cadherins
Integrins
Selectins
Cadherin
Glycoproteins that meditate calcium dependent cell adhesion
Think “CAdherin” —> Ca —> calcium
What are integrins?
Proteins that have 2 membrane spanning chains (alpha and beta), they play a role in cell signaling
Selectins
Bind to carbohydrates projecting from the cell surface (could be off glycoprotein or cell membrane etc)
Role in signaling and immune response
What is the relationship between the word antibodies and immunoglobulins?
They’re synonyms
Antibodies:
1) where are they produced?
2) what is their purpose?
3) briefly explain the structure of an antibody
1) B - cells
2) to identify and neutralize targets in the body and to recruit other cells to help them do that
3) y shaped, the y area is the antigen binding region that has a sequence specific to a target antigen, the remainder of the antibody is called the constant region and it helps other cells recognize it (I.e a constant region that identifies an Igg as rabbit or human would have different constant regions)
What are the 3 outcomes of an antibody binding to an antigen?
1) antibody neutralizes antigen making the pathogen or toxin unable to cause harm
2) antibody tags antigen for destruction by white blood cells
3) antibody clumps Together with other antibodies/antigens marking the clump for digestion by a macrophage
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of a molecule DOWN a concentration gradient through a pore in a membrane
