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fyzika > kapaliny a plyny > Flashcards

kapaliny a plyny Flashcards

1
Q

hydrostatika a aerostatika

A

studovani podminek rovnovahy kapalin a plynu

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2
Q

hydrodynamika

A

studovani zakonitosti pohybu

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3
Q

vlastnosti kapalin i plynu

A

nemaji staly tvar, tvar podle nadoby, daji se prelevat-jsou tekute

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4
Q

vlastnosti kapalin

A

maji staly objem, temer nestlacitelne, v klidu tvori vodorovnou hladinu

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5
Q

vlastnosti plynu

A

nemaji staly objem -> lehce stlacitelne, jsou rozpinave - vyplni cely objem

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6
Q

co je viskozita

A

vnitrni treni

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7
Q

idealni tekutiny

A

idealni plyn - dokonale tekuty, zcela stlacitelny
idealni kapalina - -||- , zcela nestlacitelna

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8
Q

co je kontinuum

A

tekutiny povazujeme za stale prostredi

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9
Q

vzorecek tlaku + na cem zavisi

A

p=F:S [Pa]
zavisi na stycne plose a sile kterou vyvola tlak

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10
Q

pascaluv zakon

A

tlak vyvolanyvnejsi silou v uzavrene nadobe je ve vsech mistech kapaliny stejny ( plati i pro plyny)

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11
Q

priklady hydraulickych a pneumatickych zarizeni

A

h.z. - brzdy, lis, zvedak, kleste
pz- buchary, kladivo, brzdy

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12
Q

kolikrat vetsi je obsah…..

+vzorecek

A

prurezu velkeho pistu, tolikrat je vetsi sila kterou pusobi kapalina na velky pist

F2:F1=s2:s1

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13
Q

vysledkem ceho je hydrostaticka tlakova sila a jeji znaceni

A

pusobeni tihove sily na vsechny castice kapaliny

Fh

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14
Q

Vzorecek hydrostaticke’ tlakove sily

A

Fh=Shró*g

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15
Q

hydrostaticky paradox

A

tlak v kapaline vyvolany hydrostatickou tlakovou tlakovpu silou -> hydrostaticky tlak

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16
Q

vzorecek hydrostatickeho tlaku

A

ph= hróg

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17
Q

co jsou hladiny

A

mista o stejnem hydrostatickem tlaku

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18
Q

co je volna hladina

A

misto s nulovym hydrostatickym tlakem

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19
Q

u dna spojenych nadob je stejny

A

hydrostaticky tlak

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20
Q

kapaliny jsou v obou ramenech v rovnovaze pokud…

A

jsou hydrostaticke tlaky v miste rozhrani stejne

ro1:ro2=h2:h1

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21
Q

kolikrat ridsi je olej tolikrat….

A

vyssi ma sloupec

22
Q

hustota vody

A

1000 kg/m3

23
Q

na vsechny castice atmosfery pusobi Zeme tihovou silou, jak se ji rika a jak se vypocita

A

atmosfericka tlakova sila
Fa=pa*S

24
Q

2 informace k atmosferickemu tlaku

A

meni s casem
klesa s rostouci nadmorskou vyskou

25
jak se vypocita atmosfericky tlak normalni atmosfericky tlak
pa=ph (pa=h ro g) pn=1013,25 hPa
26
co se pouziva k mereni atmosferickeho tlaku
barometr, aneroid, barograf
27
vzorecek vztlakove sily na cem zavisi na cem nezavisi
Fvz= V ro g objem ponorene casti telesa, hustota kapaliny hmost, tvar telesa, hloubka, hustota telesa
28
cemu se rovna velikost Fvz
Fvz= V ro g Fvz= m g Fvz= FG
29
archimeduv zakon
teleso ponorene do kapaliny je nadlehcovano vztlakovou silou, jejiz velikost je rovna tize kapaliny stejneho objemu jako je objem ponorene casti telesa
30
Fg>Fvz
ROt>ROk teleso klesa ke dnu
31
Fg=Fvz
ROt=ROk teleso se vznasi
32
Fg
ROt
33
co stoupa ve vzduchu
balonky s heliem, vzducholode, meteorologicke balony
34
co je ustalrne ( stacionarni) proudeni
stala rychlost kapalin v urcitem miste
35
co je proudnice
myslena cara- tecna v libovolnem bode, ma dmer rychlosti znazornuje trajektorie castic nemohou se protinat
36
co je proudnice
myslena cara- tecna v libovolnem bode, ma dmer rychlosti znazornuje trajektorie castic nemohou se protinat
37
definuj idealni kapalinu
zcela nestlacitelna dokonale tekuta (vynechavame vnitrni treni)
38
vzorecek objemoveho prutoku
Qv=V:t [m3/s]
39
rovnoce spojitosti toku
Q=S•v
40
v uzsim prurezu trubice proudi kapalina vetsi/mensi rychlosti
vetsi v1:v2=S2:S1
41
bernoulliho rovnice
1/2 ro vnadruhou + p = konstantni
42
bernoulliho rovnice=
zakon zachovani mechanicke energie pro proudici kapaliny
43
kineticka energie proudici kapaliny
Ek=1/2 m vnadruhou
44
potencialni energie proudici kapaliny
Ep=p V
45
cemu je rovna potencialni energie proudici kapaliny
praci, kterou vylona sila F, jestlize posune pist o obsahu S o delku l
46
bernoulliho rovnice pro trubici s 2 ruznymi prurezy
1/2ro v1nadruhou + p1=1/2ro v2nadruhou + p2
47
hydrodynamicky paradox
v zuzene casti trubice ma kapalina vetsi rychlost ale mensi tlak pri znacnem zuzeni muze tlak poklesnout az pod hodnotu atmosferickeho tlaku -> podtlak
48
zakon zachovani mechanicke energie
Ek+Ep=konstantni soucet se nemeni
49
vyuziti podtlaku
vodni vyveva - slouzi k odcerpavani vzduchu z uzavreneho prostoru aerodynamicky paradoxon - rozprasovac
50
rychlost kapaliny, ktera vyteka otvorem v nadobe - vzorecek - z ceho odvodime
odvodime ze zakona zachovani mech. energie v =odmocnina o 2hg

fyzika (6 decks)

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