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Trauma Studies > Kahoot Quiz Review > Flashcards

Kahoot Quiz Review Flashcards

1
Q

A patient has gurgling respirations with bleeding into throat and from the mouth. What should you do first?

A

Suction

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2
Q

Dermatomes are?

A

An area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root.

Spinal nerves help to relay information from other parts of your body to your central nervous system. As such, each dermatome transmits sensory details from a particular area of skin back to your brain.

Dermatomes can be helpful in evaluating and diagnosing conditions affecting the spine or nerve roots.

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3
Q

Trauma Triad of Death is made up of?

A

Hypothermia, Acidosis & Coagulopathy

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4
Q

What is kinematics?

A

The process of predicting injury patterns.

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5
Q

A 13 year old has fallen 15 feet. He has a deformed right thigh and is lethargic to respond. What should you do first?

A

Manually stabilise C spine

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6
Q

A 45 year old hit in the chest. He complains of pain with inspiration. Vitals are normal with RR of 24. You should suspect?

A

Rib fractures

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7
Q

What type of impact to an unrestrained occupant commonly results in multiple system injury?

A

Rotational

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8
Q

Your patient’s trachea deviates away from the injury. What should you suspect?

A

Tension pneumothorax

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9
Q

When the vascular container enlarges without proportional increase in the fluid volume, the shock is known as?

A

Distributive Shock

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10
Q

What is the first sign of shock that usually appears in patients?

A

Altered mental status

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11
Q

In a compound extremity fracture involving the loss of distal pulses, what is your first priority in providing care?

A

Haemorrhage control.

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12
Q

After legs being trapped in a car by compression for 60 minutes you should suspect?

A

Crush syndrome

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13
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of injury would likely result in the coup-contrecoup trauma?

A

Frontal impact MVA

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14
Q

Which of the following describes bruising or discoloration behind the ears as a result of a fractured skull?

A

Battle’s Sign

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15
Q

Explain the injuries you may see with an up and over vs down and under pathway in a MVA.

A

Windshield impact:
- brain, soft tissue and cervical spine injuries

Steering Wheel impact:

  • Chest compression
  • Rib fractures - Paradoxical breathing
  • Tension pneumothorax

Dashboard impact:
- face, brain c spine, pelvis, hips, knees and feet injuries

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16
Q

Explain the triad of death

A
  • Severe blood loss
  • blood clotting problems (coagulopathy)
  • increased lactic acid in the blood
  • Acidic blood (acidosis)
  • Decreased heart performance
  • Decreased body temperature (hypothermia)
  • Decreased coagulation
17
Q

What is your assessment for an unconscious MVA?

A
  • ABCD
  • Secure airway & C spine
  • Assessment & management of respiratory status, including application of high flow oxygen.
  • Assessment of circulation, including vital signs and external signs of blood loss.
  • IV access for fluid administration to maintain BP of 90mmHh in 250ml bolus + ketamine.
  • Assess GCS
  • Complete head to toe
18
Q

What would be your treatment plan for a MVA patient?

A

Spinal immobilisation: head held in pouring rain, clothing removed from around neck and cervical
collar applied.
• Oxygen applied 8 L/min via Hudson or NRB.
• Intravenous (IV) access 16G. NaCl in 250ml bolus to achieve permissive hypotension.
• Cardiac monitoring.
• Pain relief – Fentanyl initially then Ketamine per DTP.
• Extrication using spine board.
• Patient’s wet clothing removed.
• Pelvic binder.
• Leg splints.

19
Q

Major Trauma should be considered in any one of the following criteria:

A

Mechanism

  1. MBA > 30 km/h with injuries.
  2. MVA > 60 km/h with injuries.
  3. Ejection from vehicle
  4. Penetrating injury to head, neck, torso or proximal extremities.
  5. Fall > 3m
  6. Fatality on scene whereby the patient was in the same vehicle.
  7. Pedestrian or cyclist with speed impact > 25km/h
Anatomical Criteria 
• Flail chest 
• Pelvic Fractures 
• Amputation / crush Injury proximal to hand and foot. 
• 2 or more long bone fractures 
• Suspected Spinal Injury 
• Polytrauma 
• Open or depressed skull fracture
20
Q

Explain the physiological basis for the vital-sign findings of a patient in shock

A

The physiological basis for this set of vital signs is hypovolaemic shock.

HR: The increased heart rate is
compensation for decreased circulating volume and reduced haemoglobin;

BP: the low blood pressure reflects
significant loss of circulating volume;

RR: the increased respiratory rate is compensation for reduced
haemoglobin;

Skin: and the pale, cool periphery results from vasoconstriction to divert available blood to vital
organs.

21
Q

The body has 2 main compensatory mechanisms in place to regulate blood pressure when hypotension is present, what are they?

A
  • The sympathetic nervous system

- Angiotensin aldosterone system

22
Q

Outline the role of permissive hypotension in haemorrhagic shock.

A

the principle of gaining hemorrhage control before restoration of euvolemia and normal blood pressure.

23
Q

What may cause a decrease in oxygen stats in a MVA patient.

A
  • Blunt trauma
  • Rib fractures
  • Pain & guarding
  • Reduced tidal volume & alveolar ventilation = hypoxaemia
  • treat with analgesia

may also be tension pneumothorax and flail chest resulting in paradoxical breathing.

24
Q

What are the primary categorisations of head injury?

A 
Mild = CSG 13-15
Moderate = GCS 9-12 
Severe = <8
25
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary traumatic brain injury?

A

Primary:

  • skull fractures
  • cerebral contusions
  • cerebral lacerations
  • intercranial haemorrhage

Secondary:

  • Ischemia
  • Hypoxia
  • Cerebral swelling
  • Infection
26
Q

What are the primary treatment goals for the TBI patient?

A

Minimise minimising factors that contribute to

  • raised intracranial pressure,
  • cerebral oedema and
  • cerebral ischaemia.

This is achieved by:

• Avoidance of hypoxia

• Maintenance of normocapnia – hypercapnia = cerebral vasodilation = increase cerebral blood flow = increased cerebral edema;
hypocapnia = inadequate cerebral blood flow leading to ischaemia.

  • Maintenance of normotension
  • Maintenance of normoglycaemia
  • Maintenance of normothermia - fever can increase cerebral metabolism and increase oxygen demand.
  • Avoidance of seizures
27
Q

The thoracic cavity contains three major anatomical systems are?

A

the airway, lungs, and the cardiovascular

system.

28
Q

What inflammatory response will be triggered by the burn?

A

Cardiovascular:

  • Altered vascular permeability results in leaky capillaries with the
  • Large volumes of fluid are lost through evaporation and third space losses.
  • Result: systemic hypotension + reduced organ perfusion.

Respiratory:

  • Inflammatory-induced bronchoconstriction.
  • ARDS
  • Result: impaired tissue oxygenation.

Metabolic:

  • Basal metabolic rate (BMR) increases up-to three times.
  • Result: hyper-metabolism, breakdown in muscle protein.

Immunological:

  • Release of stress hormones (cortisol, catecholamines, glucagon) result in the suppression of both cellular and humeral immunity.
  • Loss of normal gut barrier function can permit bacterial translocation resulting in sepsis.
  • Result: immunosuppression, increased susceptibility to infection.
29
Q

What is the rule of 9s in burns patients?

A

Everywhere is worth 9%, except genitals = 1%

Children:
Legs = 14%
Face = 18%

Trauma Studies (9 decks)

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