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Health Assessment > Kahoot questions > Flashcards

Kahoot questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innermost layer of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa

GI

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2
Q

What is the best test to detect gastroparesis?

A

Gastric emptying study

GI

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3
Q

What type of achalasia has associated with the worst outcomes?

A

Type 3

GI

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4
Q

What is the most effective nonsurgical tx for achalasia?

A

Pneumatic dilation

GI

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5
Q

Normal LES pressure is?

A

29 mmHg

GI

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6
Q

The descending colon and distal Gi tract are innervated by the:

A

hypogastric plexus

GI

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7
Q

Which of the following describes an independent nervous system, which controls motility, secretions and blood flow?

A

Enteric nervous system

GI

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8
Q

Which feature of the myenteric plexus controls motility?

A

Enteric neuron, interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells.

GI

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9
Q

Which of the following presents a major challenge in colonoscopy?

A

Dehydration

GI

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10
Q

Which hormones play a role in gastric motility? (3)

A

Gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin

GI

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11
Q

Common cause of gastric ulcers include?

A

ETOH, H pylori, NSAIDS

GI

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12
Q

Which of the following are beneficial preop interventions for Zollinger Ellison Syndrome?

A

Admin PPIs, correct electrolytes, RSI, suction and @ head of bed.

GI

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13
Q

Symptoms associated with Chron’s disease include:

A

steatorrhea, malabsorption, ileocolitis

GI

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14
Q

IBD tx include

A

steroids, 5-Acetylsalicylic acid, Rifaximin

GI

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15
Q

Which drug should be given prior to resection of a carcinoid tumor?

A

Octreotide

GI

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16
Q

There are six anterior pituitary hormones, they include

A

growth hormone, TSH, prolactin

Endo

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17
Q

2 posterior pituitary hormones are:

A

ADH, oxytocin

Endo

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18
Q

True or false: DI is characterized by excessive urine production.

A

TRUE

Endo

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19
Q

A serum sodium less than 110 may result in ?

A

cerebral edema and seizures

Endo

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20
Q

SIADH is inappropriate release of ADH seen with:

A

Cancer of lung
Hypothyroidism
Intracranial tumors
porphyria

Endo

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21
Q

Treatment of SIADH includes

A

demeclocycline, hypertonic saline, fluid restriction, vasopressin-antagonists

Endo

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22
Q

Anesthesia considerations associated with acromegaly include

A

soft tissue overgrowth, skeletal muscle weakness, vocal cord hypertrophy

Endo

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23
Q

The 4 types of DM include:

A

Type 1: autoimmune, destruction of betal cells, random BG>200 mg/dL

Type 2: beta cell insufficiency or insulin resistance

Type 3: gestational DM

Metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance w/ HTN & dyslipidemia

Endo

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24
Q

```

DM can result in which 3 types of comas:

A
  • hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (serum osmo > 320)
  • hypoglycemic (BG < 50)
  • DKA (high ketoacids and metabolic acidosis w hyperglycemia)

Endo

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25
Q

T or F: DKA is more common in type 2 DM.

A

False

Endo

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26
Q

Tx of DKA includes (3 things):

A

aggressive isotonic rescusitations,
insulin 0.1 units/kg/hr
correct electrolytes

Endo

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27
Q

Hyperosmolor nonketotic coma has a mortality approaching 50%. Grave concerns w/ this type of coma include:

A

CV collapse due to extreme osmotic diuresis and CNS hyperosmolar dysfxn

ENDO

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28
Q

Symptoms of whipple’s triad strongly assoc w insulinoma include (3 things):

A

relief of sx w glucose, sx of hypoglycemia provoked by fasting, BG < 50mg/dL

endo

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29
Q

Normal daily release of cortisol is 20 mg/day; under stress this increases to __.

A

150 mg/day

endo

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30
Q

s/sx of cushing dx or hypercortisolism include (2):

A

emotional changes and hyperglycemia

endo

31
Q

Addison’s dx aka adrenal insufficiency has two types:

A

Primary and secondary

endo

32
Q

Name the four H’s of Addison disease

A

hypotension, hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

endo

33
Q

Management goals for pts undergoing adrenalectomy include (2):

A

regulate HTN and control hyperglycemia

endo

34
Q

Common causes of secondary HTN in middle-aged adults include:

A

Hyperthyroid, OSA

HTN

35
Q

Drugs that increase BP as a side effect include:

A

NSAIDs, birth control pills, prednisone

HTN

36
Q

Refractory HTN is

A

Uncontrolled BP on 5+ drugs

HTN

37
Q

Dietary intake of which electrolytes is inversely related to HTN?

A

Calcium and potassium

HTN

38
Q

Which of the following is the best antihypertension drug for induction?

A

Esmolol

HTN

39
Q

Pulmonary arterial HTN is defined as a mPAP above:

A

20

HTN

40
Q

Pulmonary vasodilating drug classes for PAH include:

A

Prostanoids
Endothelin receptor antagonists

HTN

41
Q

A systemic to pulmonary shunt may cause PH in which form?

A

High-flow PH

HTN

42
Q

3 Therapeutic effects of prostinoids include:

A

Anti-inflammatory
Pulmonary vasodilation
Anti-platelet aggregation

HTN

43
Q

Which class of drug can prolong the action of nitric oxide?

A

Phosphodiesterase- 5 inhibitors

HTN

44
Q

Physical symptoms of PAH include:

A

S3 gallop, JVD

HTN

45
Q

The definitive test for PAH is

A

Right heart catheterization

HTN

46
Q

What is the primary characteristic of systolic heart failure?

A

Decreased EF

HF

47
Q

What symptoms are commonly associated with HF?

A

S3 gallop, dyspnea

HF

48
Q

What cardiac pressure does the BNP level reflect?

A

LV end- diastolic wall stress

HF

49
Q

What is the primary goal in cardiac resynchronization therapy in HF?

A

Improve CO

HF

50
Q

Which lifestyle modifications are recommended for HF patients?

A

Stop smoking
Aerobic fitness

HF

51
Q

What is a potential complication in advanced HF?

A

Dysrhythmias

HF

52
Q

What are the most effective treatment option for HFrEF?

A

Beta blocker
ACE- inhibitors

HF

53
Q

What are the primary diuretics recommended for HF according to ACC and ESC guidelines?

A

loop diuretics

HF

54
Q

Which device prevents sudden cardiac death due to dysrythmias?

A

ICD

HF

55
Q

What is the leading cause of de novo heart failure?

A

coronary artery occlusion

HF

56
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for acute HF?

A

diuretics

HF

57
Q

What is the effect of increasing cAMP on cardiac contractility?

A

Increased intracellular calcium
Increased excitation- contraction coupling

HF

58
Q

What is the effect of Nesiritide on intracardiac pressures?

A

decreased LVEDP

HF

59
Q

What is the most appropriate balloon pump setting for a tachycardic heart failure patient? (inflation to heartbeat)

A

1:2

HF

60
Q

What are disadvantages of peripheral ventricular- assist devices?

A

hemolysis
lower flow rates

HF

61
Q

Which neurohormonal system plays a significant role in the progression of heart failure?

A

RAAS

HF

62
Q

Which cardiac disorder is associated with Cor- Pulmonale?

A

RV failure

HF

63
Q

What pathology is responsible for the majority of URI’s?

A

Infectious nasopharyngitis

Obstructive

64
Q

Which interventions can minimize the risk of laryngospasm in URI patients?

A

LMA, nebulized local anesthetic, oropharyngeal suctioning

obstructive

65
Q

The main inflammatory mediators implicated in asthma include:

A

histamine, prostoglandin D2, leukotrienes

obstructive

66
Q

Which spirometric value refers to the volume of air exhaled with max effort after deep inhalation?

A

FVC

obstructive

67
Q

which spirometric value remains unchanged during an acute asthma attack?

A

Diffusing capacity for CO

obstructive

68
Q

What mechanism stimulates tachypnea and hyperventilation during an asthma attack?

A

pulmonary neural reflexes

obstructive

69
Q

At what level of FEV1, does the PaCO2 increase?

A

<25%

obstructive

70
Q

Which 2 types of surgery are associated with a higher risk of bronchospasm?

A

Oncologic surgery
Upper abdominal surgery

obstructive

71
Q

which lung volume may be decreased in COPD?

A

VC

obstructive

72
Q

which radiologic finding confirms a diagnosis of COPD?

A

Bullae

obstructive

73
Q

Which disorder is associated with irreversible airway dilation, inflammation, and chronic bacterial infection?

A

bronchiectasis

obstructive

74
Q

Which respiratory disorder is commonly associated with situs inversus?

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

obstructive

Health Assessment (11 decks)

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