Kahoot - Exam 4 Flashcards by Avery Smith

Surgery is indicated for aortic aneurysms that exceed:

5.5 cm
>10 mm per year

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Anterior spinal artery syndrome is characterized by:

Loss of motor function
Autonomic dysfunction
Hypotension

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The most common causes of anterior spinal artery syndrome include:

Aortic aneurysms
Aortic dissections
Atherosclerosis

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Ascending aortic aneurysms include what classifications?

Stanford A
Debakey 1 & 2

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Most common deficit associated with aortic arch replacement requiring cardiopulmonary bypass?

Neurologic

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Which population is aortic dissection most common?

Males
3rd trimester pregnancy

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Most abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture into the:

Left retroperitoneum

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Primary causes of mortality r/t surgeries of thoracic aorta include:

CVA
MI

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Most commonly, cardiogenic embolisms originate from?

Left atrial thrombus
Left ventricle thrombus

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Subclavian steal syndrome leads to:

Retrograde blood flow in ipsilateral SCA

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Superficial thrombophlebitis and DVT are most seen with almost half of pts undergoing which specific surgery?

Total hip replacements

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Which is true regarding LMWH vs unfractionated heparin?

Longer half life
Not reversible

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Pts with a history of TIA have a ___ times greater risk of CVA

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Cerebral O2 consumption/metabolic rate is most affected by what 2 things?

Temperature
Depth of anesthesia

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What is the lifespan of non-activated platelets?

8-12 days

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The platelet activation occurs when:

Upon interaction with collagen and tissue factor

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Which element is an essential part of coagulation tenase-complexes?

Calcium

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Prothrombinase complex is combined of which factors?

Factor Xa
Factor Va

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Which factor(s) activates factor IX?

TF/VIIa complex
XIa

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Phase II homeostasis is primarily initiated by?

Extrinsic pathway

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Which system mainly amplifies thrombin generation?

Intrinsic pathway

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Prothrombinase complex converts:

Prothrombin to thrombin
Factor II to IIa

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Coagulation counter-mechanisms include:

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Serine protease inhibitors

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Supplements that cause blood-thinning include:

Tumeric
Vitamin E
Protein C
Endovascular tPA & urokinase

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vWF prevents degradation of which factor?

VIII

Which lab value may be abnormal in hemophilia?

PTT

Which clotting factor is not produced in the liver? VIII X IX II

VIII

Which anticoagulant factors are produced in the liver?

Protein C Protein S Antithrombin

Anemia of CKD is due to:

EPO deficiency Plt dysfunction

Lab findings associated with DIC include:

Increased fibrin Prolonged PT/PTT Thrombocytopenia Increased fibrin degradation

What is the innermost layer of the GI tract?

mucosa

Which is the best test to detect gastroparesis?

gastric emptying study

Which type of achalasia is associated with the worst outcomes?

Type 3

What is the most effective nonsurgical treatment for achalasia?

pneumatic dilation

Normal LES pressure

29 mmHg

The descending colon and distal GI tract are innervated by the:

hypogastric plexus

Which of the following describes an independent nervous system, which controls motility, secretion, and blood flow?

enteric nervous system

Which feature of the myenteric plexus controls motility?

enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle cells

Which of the following presents a major anesthesia challenge in colonoscopy?

dehydration

Which hormones play a role in gastric motility?

gastrin, motilin, and gastric inhibitory peptide

Common causes of gastric ulcers include:

H. pylori, nsaids, and ethanol

Which of the following are beneficial preop interventions for zollinger ellison syndrome?

correct electrolytes, PPI admin, RSI, and suction at head of bed

Symptoms associated with chrons disease include:

steatorrhea, malabsorption and ileocolitis

IBD treatment include:

5 acetylsalicylic acid, rifaximin , and steroids

Which drug should be given prior to resection of a carcinoid tumor?

octreotide

There are six anterior pituitary hormones:

GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin

The two posterior pituitary hormones are

ADH and oxytocin

T/F DI is characterized by excessive urine production

True

SIADH is inappropriate release of ADH seen with:

cancer of the lung, porphyria, hypothyroidism, intracranial tumors

Treatment of SIADH includes:

fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, vasopressin, demeclocycline

Anesthesia considerations associated with acromegaly include:

Vocal cord hypertrophy, soft tissue overgrowth, skeletal muscle weakness

The types of DM include:

type 1a (autoimmune), type 1b (absent insulin production), type II (beta cells insufficient / insulin resistance)

DM can result in which type of coma:

Hypoglycemic → BG less than 50 mg/dL in adult DKA → ketoacids and metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma→ type 2, serum osmolarity > 320

T/F DKA is more common in type 2 DM

False

Treatment of DKA includes:

Insulin 0.1 unit/kg/hr, aggressive isotonic resuscitation, correct electrolyte derangements

The syndrome of whipple’s triad strongly associated with insulinoma include:

BG < 50 mg/dL, relief of symptoms with glucose, symptoms of hypoglycemia provoked by fasting

S/S of cushings disease or hypercortisolism include:

hypertension, weight gain, hyperglycemia

Addison’s disease aka adrenal insufficiency has two types:

primary and secondary

Management goals for patients undergoing adrenalectomy include:

regulate hypertension and control hyperglycemia

Plasma levels associated with pheochromocytoma include:

elevated metanephrine and elevated norepinephrine