KA5: protein control of cell division: the cell cycle

Question 1

what does the cell cycle consist of?

Answer 1

interphase and mitotic (M) phase

Question 2

name the three stages of interphase

Answer 2

G1, S, G2

Question 3

describe each phase of interphase

Answer 3

Involves growth and DNA synthesis including

G1, a growth phase

S phase, during which the DNA is replicated

G2, a further growth phase.

Question 4

What does the mitotic phase consist of?

Answer 4

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 5

briefly describe each part of the mitotic phase

Answer 5

mitosis=> the chromosomal material is separated by the spindle microtubules.

cytokinesis => the cytoplasm is separated into two daughter cells.

Question 6

list the 4 stages of mitosis

Answer 6

-prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase

Question 7

Describe Prophase of Mitosis

Answer 7

DNA condenses into chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids.

Nuclear membrane breaks down

spindle microtubules extend from the MTOC by polymerisation and attach to chromosomes via their kinetochores in the centromere region

Question 8

describe the metaphase of mitosis

Answer 8

chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (equator of the spindle)

Question 9

describe the anaphase of mitosis

Answer 9

-spindle microtubules shorten by depolymerisation

-sister chromatids are separated

-the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles

Question 10

describe the telophase of mitosis

Answer 10

-chromosomes decondense

-nuclear membranes are formed around them

Question 11

draw the cell cycle diagram

Answer 11

answers in textbook3