KA3 - The Biology Of Controlling Fertility

Question 1

What is fertility

Answer 1

The ability to conceive children

Question 2

What happens to a woman’s body temperature and cervical mucus after ovulation?

Answer 2

A woman’s body temperature rises by around 0.5 degrees C after ovulation and her cervical mucus becomes thin and watery

Question 3

What is stimulating ovulation?

Answer 3

Ovulation is stimulated by drugs that prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion.

Other ovulation drugs mimic the action of FSH and LH. These drugs can cause super ovulation..

Question 4

What is super ovulation?

Answer 4

Super ovulation is the production and release of multiple ova per menstrual cycle that can result in multiple births or be used to collect ova for IVF programmes.

Question 5

What is artificial insemination?

Answer 5

Several samples of semen are collected over a period of time. If a partner is sterile a donor may be used to provide semen.

Question 6

During artificial insemination, what tool is used to place the sperm inside the uterus near and oviduct?

Answer 6

A catheter

Question 7

What is intracytoplasmic sperm injection?

Answer 7

The head of the sperm is drawn into a needle and injected directly into the egg to achieve fertilisation

Question 8

When is artificial insemination useful?

Answer 8

When a male has a low sperm count

Question 9

When is intracytoplasmic useful?

Answer 9

If mature sperm are defective of very low in number

Question 10

What is IFV?

Answer 10

Ova are surgically removed from the ovaries using a hollow needle and then mixed with spermicide in a culture dish.

The zygotes are then incubated until they have formed at least 8 cells and then are transferred into the uterus for implantation.

Question 11

What is pre implantation genetic screening?

Answer 11

IVF can be used in conjunction with pre implantation genetic screening to indenting genetic disorders and chromosome abnormalities.

These tests ensure the most suitable embryos for insemination and implantation.

Question 12

What are the 2 groups of contraception?

Answer 12

Physical

Chemicla

Question 13

What are the 4 physical methods of contraception?

Answer 13

Barrier methods
Avoiding fertile periods
Intra uterine devices
Sterilisation

Question 14

Give 4 examples of barrier methods

Answer 14

Male condom
Female condon
Diaphram
Cervical cap

Question 15

What is an IUD?

Answer 15

An IUD is a small T-shaped copper device that is inserted into the uterus.

The IUD releases copper and prevents pregnancy for between 5-10 years

Question 16

What is sterilisation?

Answer 16

Sterilisation is an operation to permanently prevent pregnancy.

Female sterilisation involves the cutting, tying or blocking the oviducts.

Male sterilisation involves cutting, tying or blocking the speed ducts.

Question 17

What is chemical contraception?

Answer 17

The oral contraceptive pill is a chemical method of contraception. It is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.

It contains a combination of synthetic oestrogen and progesterone.

These hormones mimic negative feedback, preventing the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

The oral contraceptive pill thickens the cervical mucus and thins the endometrium.

Question 18

What are other methods of contraception?

Answer 18

The progesterone only pill, also known as the mini pill, causes thickening of the cervical mucus.

The morning after pill is an emergency form of contraception which prevents ovulation or implantation.