KA2.6 - Animal Transport Systems

Question 1

Blood consists of red blood cells, … and …

Answer 1

plasma and white blood cells.

Question 2

What is the purpose of blood?

Answer 2

To transport nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 3

Explain how red blood cells are specialised to do their function.

Answer 3

• *Biconcave** - increases surface area.
• *No nucleus** - increases space for oxygen.
• *Haemoglobin** - helps transport oxygen.

Question 4

White blood cells are part of the … system and are involved in destroying …

Answer 4

Immune system … pathogens.

White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens.

Question 5

Name the two main white blood cells?

Answer 5

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes.

Question 6

Describe how the phagocytes and lymphocytes protect our bodies?

Answer 6

Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens. Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen

Question 7

List the 10 structures found in the heart?

Answer 7

• Four chambers (left and right atrium and ventricle).
• Valves.
• Aorta.
• Vena cava.
• Pulmonary artery.
• Pulmonary Vein.
• Coronary artery

Question 8

The top chambers of the heart are called …

Answer 8

Atriums.

Question 9

Which structures found in the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 9

Vena cava, right atrium and ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Question 10

The function of the heart valves is to prevent … of blood.

Answer 10

Backflow.

The function of the heart valves is to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 11

Describe the pathway of blood through the body.

Answer 11

Deoxygenated blood:
Vena cava -> right atrium -> ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta

Question 12

Which blood vessel supplies the heart muscle with blood?

Answer 12

Coronary artery.

Question 13

Arteries have … muscular walls, a … central channel and carry blood under … pressure away from the heart.

Answer 13

thick … narrow … high.

Arteries have thick muscular walls, a narrow central channel and carry blood under high pressure away from the heart.

Question 14

Veins have … walls, a … channel and carry blood under … pressure back towards the heart

Answer 14

Thinner … wider … low.

Veins have thinner walls, a wider channel and carry blood under low pressure back towards the heart.

Question 15

Name the structure that veins possess that arteries do not?

Answer 15

Valves. They prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 16

State the two key features of capillaries?

Answer 16

Thin walled and large surface area.

Both of these features allow efficient exchange of materials.

Question 17

Which direction do arteries and veins travel, towards or away from the heart?

Answer 17

Arteries travel away from the heart. Veins travel towards the heart.